分层皮肤移植后，水凝胶敷料帮助供皮区伤口复原的效果如何？ 关键信息 - 我们不确定在帮助分层皮肤移植（移植用的皮肤取自身体的其他部位）后的供皮区伤口复原方面，水凝胶敷料（旨在保持伤口湿润）是否表现得比其他类型的敷料还要好。 -我们没有找到任何关于比较水凝胶敷料与软膏、油膏或是其他直接用于伤口的治疗的研究。 - 需要更多且设计更好的研究来回答这个问题。 什么是供皮区伤口和分层皮肤移植？ 从健康且未受影响的部位取下一部份的皮肤，然后移植到受损或是失去皮肤的部位来帮助其复原，这个过程产生的伤口便是供皮区伤口。是由一种叫作植皮（skin grafting）的一般外科手术造成的。而部分或分层皮肤移植是从大腿和臀部等区域取下一层薄的皮肤，通常约两周内能够愈合良好。 哪些敷料会用在供皮区的伤口？ 用于覆盖供皮区伤口的敷料依其作用方式、成本和使用的便捷性，有非常大的差异。水凝胶敷料是由能够允许氧气和营养物质穿透的天然或合成材料制成。可以为伤口愈合提供湿润的环境，进而防止敷料沾黏在伤口上，造成二次伤害。更换频率也不需要和其他类型的敷料一样频繁，且通常使用在复原较慢的伤口，或是需要充分湿润以促进愈合的伤口上，例如烧烫伤。敷料的类型还有很多种，包括凡士林油性纱布、高吸收性敷料、亲水性凝胶敷料，以及含抗菌成分的敷料。 我们想探究什么？ 我们想知道水凝胶敷料是否能有效地帮助部份皮肤移植后的供皮区伤口愈合。...

预防性血液稀释剂用于预防新冠肺炎门诊患者的死亡和静脉栓塞 关键信息 - 当在门诊环境中使用时，与使用安慰剂或未治疗的新冠肺炎患者相比，使用抗凝血剂（血液稀释剂）可能可以减少静脉栓塞（venous thromboembolism, VTE）及肺栓塞（pulmonary embolism, PE）的发生。然而，这些药物在减少死亡、大出血、住院需要或不良反应效果似乎很小或没有效果。 什么是静脉栓塞（VTE）？ 静脉栓塞包含深部静脉栓塞与肺栓塞，是一种静脉内形成的血块移动到其他部位（例如肺部）的状态。当深层静脉产生血块并阻挡血流，就会发生深部静脉栓塞。当（部分）血块脱离深部静脉，最终进入肺血管，阻断供应肺部的血液，就会发生肺栓塞。 新冠肺炎和静脉栓塞有什么关系？ 新冠肺炎通常会影响肺部与呼吸道，然而除了呼吸道问题，新冠肺炎的患者也会有血管的问题，导致静脉与肺部产生血块。 如何治疗静脉栓塞？高风险患者该如何预防？ 最初的治疗包含像是抗凝血剂这种药物，预防之后形成新的血块。患者可能也会穿压力袜及接受临床照护（例如运动锻炼、皮肤保湿与物理治疗）。像利伐沙班（rivaroxaban）与阿哌沙班（apixaban）等抗凝血剂，通过抑制参与血块形成的成份以发挥作用。出于这个原因，它们还用于防止高风险患者（如新冠肺炎患者）形成血栓。这称为预防性治疗。然而，使用抗凝剂可能出现出血等副作用。 我们的研究目...

男性生育能力正常的夫妻中，卵胞浆内单精子注射与传统体外受精的比较 标题 男性精子总数和活力正常的夫妻中，比较卵胞浆内单精子注射（Intracytoplasmicsperminjection, ICSI）与传统体外受精（conventionalinvitrofertilisation, c-IVF）对体外受精过程中卵细胞受精的影响。 研究问题 Cochrane作者回顾了在男性精子总数和活力正常的夫妻中比较ICSI和c-IVF疗效的证据。 研究背景 40多年以来，体外受精（in vitro fertilisation, IVF）已成为生育治疗的基石。IVF的过程包括刺激卵巢促使多个卵子发育并取卵。在c-IVF中，卵子在实验室里与精子一起培养，以期受精。卵胞浆内单精子注射（intracytoplasmic injection, ICSI）于1992年被首次发现，并作为一种受精技术被引入，用于克服精子数量少的问题。如今ICSI也作为IVF的附加技术使用，同时应用于曾经历c-IVF受精率低或失败事件、轻度男性不孕症、或不明原因不孕等情况。我们研究ICSI能否比c-IVF提供更有利的结局。 研究特征 本综述纳入了三个随机对照试验（randomised controlled trials, RCTs），对总共1539对接受生育治疗的夫妻进行ICSI与c-IVF的比较。证据检索时间截至2023年...

高压氧疗法治疗放疗后遗症 关键信息 – 在选定的人群和身体部位中，高压氧疗法（hyperbaric oxygen therapy, HBOT）可能有助于治疗晚期放射性组织损伤（late radiation tissue injury, LRTI）相关症状，但需要进一步研究才能确定哪些人可能对治疗有反应，以及施行此类治疗的最佳时机。 患者在放射治疗后会出现哪些副作用？要如何治疗这些副作用？ 癌症患者在接受放射治疗（放疗）后的数个月和数年内有出现严重并发症的风险。这些并发症统称为LRTI，是正常组织（体内细胞）暴露在辐射下逐渐受损所致。这些并发症很难消退，其最佳治疗方法也仍存在疑虑。HBOT涉及患者在专门设计的加压舱中吸氧。这有利于改善受损组织的氧气供应，并促进康复。 我们想知道什么? 我们想了解HBOT是否能够促进组织愈合以及预防照射野施行手术和癌症放射治疗的并发症。 我们做了什么？ 我们检索了医学资料库中的临床研究，这些研究皆报告了相比于不施行治疗或替代治疗，HBOT是否能改善相关并发症的证据。 主要发现是什么？ 有证据表明，HBOT可能改善影响头颈部骨骼和软组织、膀胱和肠道下部的LRTI的结局。还有一些证据显示，HBOT可以减少伤口破裂和改善LRTI引起的疼痛。在这些研究随访患者的短期内，HBOT并没有影响死亡风险。HBOT通常较为安全，且患者的耐受性较好，但存在因暴露在氧气中...

Cochrane UK is gearing up to host the much-anticipated Cochrane Colloquium at London's Queen Elizabeth II Centre (QEII) from September 4th to 6th, 2023. The event promises an enriching experience, combining learning, networking, and fun. The countdown has begun, but there is still time to register!  

On Wednesday, September 6th, during the lunch break, join us for the #CochraneLondon Library of People. This event offers a unique opportunity to engage in conversations with human 'books,' who possess rich life experiences to share. This informal and enjoyable setup offers a refreshing way to connect with others and gain fresh viewpoints.

At the Library of People, you can "borrow" individuals as if they were open books, delving into their narratives and have conversations about subjects that intrigue you. These interactions will take place within small groups, enabling meaningful discussions. Each "book" will come with a list of suggested questions to facilitate the conversation's outset. 

The Cochrane Book Club members will be your "Librarians," guiding you in the selection and discovery of your ideal "book". You'll encounter a rich variety of "books," representing diverse nationalities, various career stages, roles within the Cochrane community, and personal passions.

Mentee to Mentor - crossing continents Omolola Alade 

15,000km southeast of home (Ibadan, Nigeria) I was first introduced to evidence synthesis during a graduate course on Epidemiology at the University of Sydney, Australia. I struggled with homesickness, but distracted myself by interpreting forest plots and critical appraisals of systematic reviews.

Several years later, this time 10,000km northwest of home, having mastered homesickness, I became a mentee of the US Cochrane network. Working with mentors moved me from my distant, hesitant interest to being an active contributor to evidence synthesis. Now I am leading a research project, with seven other mentees, on equity considerations in mentoring programs for evidence synthesis.

Back home in Nigeria, I am part of an inaugural collaborative initiative between my faculty and the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research to conduct several systematic reviews on oral health. I am also a mentor to the next generation of oral health researchers in evidence synthesis, mentoring three researchers in the first cohort of the National Oral Health for Development programme of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research. So, as you can see I have gone from mentee to mentor as I have travelled the world.

 

Translating best evidence to support disaster settings - Evidence Aid (born in Cochrane in 2004) Claire Allen

Like many others I sat transfixed by the dreadful events which unfolded on 26 December 2004 in the wake of the Indian ocean earthquake and tsunami. Like many others, I had no idea what we as a society, or indeed Cochrane (which I’d worked with since 1997), could do, apart from giving money. Thankfully Mike Clarke who was Chair of the Board of Trustees in Cochrane and other colleagues had the inspired idea that as an organisation, Cochrane was perfectly placed to provide robust information to help those who were supporting the relief effort in making their decisions. And, boom, Evidence Aid was born. I jumped ship from Cochrane to Evidence Aid formally in 2014. From then, Evidence Aid became an independent charity, working with many organisations such as Save the Children, the Pan American Health Organization, the World Health Organization and we were at the forefront of the information provision when the recent Covid pandemic hit the world, starting our efforts in February 2020, before lockdowns were started.

 

My experience as an early career professional and Cochrane Ana Beatriz Pizarro

I am a 25-year-old early career registered nurse hailing from a small town in the north of Colombia. As a first-generation college student, I take immense pride in being the youngest editorial board member representing The Early Career Professionals Group. My passion for evidence-based healthcare is reflected in my extensive work, having published over 30 systematic reviews.

My primary goal is to improve lives in the Global South through multidisciplinary approaches, understanding specific health-disease problems, their impact, and potential applications in public health.

Beyond my professional pursuits, diverse interests add colour to my life, including singing, playing the ukulele, watching films, and finding joy in going to the beach and outdoor running.

I believe in the power of stories and have experienced their impact firsthand in my life. As a 'book' in the #CochraneLondon Library of People, I am eager to engage in conversations and share my life experiences, professional insights, and personal interests.

What have Hogwarts and Sherlock Holmes got to do with teaching EBM? Maria Björklund

I am a librarian at Cochrane Sweden who loves to read. Fantasy and detective stories are my favourite genres and I always enjoy how libraries and librarians are represented in fantasy and detective fiction!  I also am drawn in by how a mystery unfolds and you pick up clues and evidence (of course!) along the way and try to solve the crime or mystery yourself while reading.

I teach evidence-based medicine and refer to Sherlock Holmes and fictional libraries (like Hogwarts) when I am helping students understand evidence-based medicine and systematic data retrieval - it is a successful and engaging tactic.

 So, my reading preferences are sometimes also reflected in my professional work, and I think it is a nice way of engaging students in evidence- based medicine.

 A life-changing treatment decision: hope, fear and a bit of evidence? Sarah Chapman

I’ve had progressive hearing loss throughout my adult life and had got to the point where I was struggling to hear, despite hearing aids. In 2021, I was offered a potentially life-changing treatment, a cochlear implant. This would involve surgery and an irreversible process in which the ‘normal’ mechanism of hearing would be destroyed. People meeting the criteria for a cochlear implant are likely to benefit, but outcomes aren’t guaranteed and whether, how much, and in what ways I would benefit were uncertain. I learned first-hand that how we make treatment decisions in our real, messy lives doesn’t necessarily fit the neat models we see when we read about evidence-based decision-making.

Wikipedia: the world largest encyclopaedia - friend or foe? Jennifer Dawson

Communicating and sharing high-quality and reliable evidence informed information is a passion of mine. I have been working with Cochrane as our Wikipedian-in-Residence since 2016. The viewership of medical articles on English-language Wikipedia alone surpasses 2 billion page views per year and there are about 40,000 articles that relate to human health. 

In 2021, viewership of the main Wikipedia COVID-19-related article was over 500,000 views a month, far more than most of the other sources of information on the internet. Medical content is also available in over 280 languages. 

When I tell colleagues in my field that I help improve medical articles on Wikipedia, I usually get all sorts of interesting questions (and sometimes funny looks)! Why should we be considering Wikipedia? Do you recommend Wikipedia as a resource for people with questions about their health? How hard is it to edit Wikipedia? Many people in medical and evidence-based medicine fields find Wikipedia very frustrating. They are not wrong! There are many, many, articles that need improving and many that share incorrect, missing, or outdated information. It can be hard to jump in as a new editor and navigate conflict of interest and work with a very keen volunteer community of often anonymous editors. Rather than dismiss the ‘World’s Largest Encyclopedia’, why not learn more and potentially help improve what people are accessing!

Careless comms costs lives: battling misinformation on statins Harry Dayantis

 

There are few scientific topics as needlessly controversial as statins. These cholesterol-lowering drugs are prescribed to millions of people worldwide and have underdone countless trials evaluating their benefits and risks. There is an overwhelming scientific consensus that they reduce the risk of heart disease. So why do people get so worked up about them, and why do I care?

I care because my father died of a sudden heart attack overnight when I was at university. He was 49 years old and held national records for long-distance running. The post-mortem revealed that he had heart disease, and he might still be alive today if he’d been diagnosed and treated with statins. The risk has a significant genetic component, and I now take statins myself.

I’ve been involved in communicating many research papers on statins over the past decade, at UCL and Oxford University. I’ve worked with cardiologists and researchers to share the real evidence on statins in an often hostile media environment. It’s important that benefits and harms are communicated accurately so that people can make informed decisions; there is evidence that media scare stories have prevented many people from taking statins, potentially costing thousands of lives.

Accessibility at conferences shouldn’t just be a tick box Emily Messina

Attending or presenting at conferences is often an essential aspect of academic careers. We can share research and network, but let’s be honest, how many of us are mentally exhausted just planning to attend a conference, let alone after its over? Despite the fact that many of us, around 20%, are D/deaf, hard-of-hearing, disabled, and/or neurodivergent, we continue to leave accessibility as an afterthought. We strain to read slides or posters with tiny print, struggle with noise and sensory overload in crowded poster halls, forced to spend energy hunting for accessible paths through the conference space, and miss information that is only presented orally. Aren’t we tired of bare knuckling our way through conferences? Without creating content that's accessible, how can we have our science received, understood, and (importantly) acted on. So, let’s talk, share our experiences, and we can learn from each other better ways to improve accessibility and share our research more effectively.

Storytelling to break down boundaries Wanjiru Mwangi

Step into my world of communications and let me take you on an exciting journey about storytelling and the boundaries it breaks. Since time immemorial, storytelling has been a fundamental part of human connection. And in research, it has helped transcend the rigid confines of data and facts, transforming them into narratives that resonate with human emotions and experiences. Not by distorting truths or oversimplifying the complexities of research, but by transforming the most complex ideas into accessible information for those who truly need or yearn to grasp it. As you read through this, try and imagine the power of a personal story, a memory that resonates deeply, or a song that touches your heart. These diverse mediums of storytelling can foster deeper connections between researchers and their audience, leading to a more informed and enlightened public. So come chat with me, Wanjiru, a communications expert in both internal and external communications.

 Don't miss out on this exhilarating opportunity to engage with living stories. No pre-registration for Colloquium attendees is required; simply join us on the event day!

Library of People: Connecting Through Stories
Wednesday, September 6th
1:00 pm - 2:00 pm
Level 1, Pickwick

In addition to this Library of People event, we invite you to bring used books to Level 1 throughout the event. There will be a free book exchange table where you can pick up your next great read! 

Find out more about the Colloquium:

• View and update your schedule
• Visit the Colloquium website
• ‘Take a break' activities

Get in touch: colloquium@cochrane.org

Thursday, August 17, 2023

Friday, August 11, 2023

药物干预治疗接受辅助通气且有脑出血风险的早产儿的疼痛和不适 概述问题 止痛药是否能减少接受辅助通气的早产儿的脑出血和死亡，并改善其长期发育？ 研究背景 早产儿，尤其是怀孕28周前出生的婴儿，有时会发生脑出血。脑部轻微出血的婴儿可能会完全康复，或是在日后生活只会有轻微的问题。出血较严重的婴儿可能会死亡，或在以后的生活中出现各种问题。目前，尚无预防或治疗脑出血的方法。 研究方法 我们检索研究止痛药预防早产儿脑出血的Cochrane综述。我们评价这些综述的质量并进行总结，将当前相关治疗的证据集中。 研究结果 我们纳入了七篇Cochrane综述和一篇Cochrane综述计划书。两篇综述包含我们感兴趣领域以外的研究；例如，他们关注的是足月正常出生的婴儿或不需要辅助通气的婴儿。其他五篇综述调查下列药物：扑热息痛（3项研究）、咪达​​唑仑（3项研究）、苯巴比妥（9项研究）、阿片类药物（20项研究）和布洛芬（5项研究）。 主要结果 •不太严重的脑出血 与安慰剂（无活性或虚拟药物）相比，使用布洛芬的脑出血量可能没有显著差异（减少19%到增加21%），我们对此证据有中等程度的信心。我们对以下证据没有信心：吗啡与二乙酰吗啡相比；其他药物与安慰剂相比。没有研究比较其他两种不同药物的此项结局。 •严重的脑出血 我们对扑热息痛、苯巴比妥、阿片类药物和布洛芬与安慰剂相比的证据没有信心。相同地，我们对扑热息痛与...

急性脑卒中采用循证建议的干预措施 实施干预措施是否可以改善急性脑卒中病房的循证护理服务？ 关键信息 实施干预措施是为了改善“循证”护理服务，研究已经证明这类护理能够帮助患有特定健康状况的人。 我们不知道在急性卒中病房实施干预措施是否可以更好地提供循证护理。 需要更多的研究来调查如何在急性卒中情况下成功进行循证护理。未来的研究应该更好地描述干预措施并使用一致的方法来衡量结局。 我们想探究什么？ 我们想了解是否可以在急性卒中情况下实施干预措施，以确保卒中病房的每位患者都能得到“循证”护理。我们关注探讨改变医护人员行为以及医院内系统的方法，以了解做出什么改变最有帮助，能让病人获得最优质的护理。 我们做了哪些研究？ 我们检索了在急性卒中病房进行的研究，研究人员将旨在改善循证护理的干预措施与不干预措施或不同类型的干预措施进行比较。我们比较并总结了他们的结果，并根据研究方法和规模等因素评价了我们的证据质量。 我们发现了什么？ 我们纳入了七项研究，涉及42489名急性卒中患者和数量未知的医疗专业人员。这些研究在澳大利亚、英国、中国和荷兰的129家医院进行。最小规模研究涉及64名患者，最大规模研究则有22384名患者。所有研究中，超过85%患者患有缺血性脑卒中，其中50%到63%的患者为男性，他们平均年龄介于65岁到78岁之间。 5项研究将多个部分（多层面）组成的策略与无干预进行比较，2项研究将...

肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症（也称为运动神经元病）患者的肠内管饲治疗 关键信息 我们没有发现随机或半随机（部分随机）对照试验比较肌萎缩侧索硬化（amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, ALS）患者使用饲管和继续经口进食，也没有研究ALS患者放置不同类型或方法饲管的安全性和时间。肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症是运动神经元疾病（motor neuron disease, MND）最常见的形式，而这两个术语经常互换使用。 随机和半随机试验旨在确保受试者群体相似。此类研究可以告知临床医生和肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症患者，与持续经口喂养相比，插入饲管是否可以延长生存期并提高生活质量。然而，进行此类试验存在伦理挑战，因为尽管缺乏高质量证据，国际专家共识和指南仍支持对肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症患者进行管灌喂食。 什么是肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症？ 肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症是一种控制运动神经停止工作的疾病。肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症会导致身体虚弱，并会随着时间的推移而恶化，直至瘫痪。这几乎总是致命的。 大多数肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症患者都会出现吞咽困难。因为有效的吞咽通常可以保护气道免受食物和液体的侵害，吞咽困难可能会导致严重的体重减轻，并且患者会有吸入食物或饮料的风险。如果食物或饮料进入下呼吸道或肺部，这些部位可能会发炎或感染（称为吸入性肺炎）。 什么是肠内管饲？ 肠内管饲是通过管子进行喂养。插入饲管的方...

Specifications:  Fixed term maternity leave cover (through May 2024)
Salary: £43,000 Pro-rated 0.6 FTE (though 0.4 FTE will be considered)
Location: Remote - Candidates from the UK, Germany and Denmark with fixed-term employment contract. Candidates from the rest of the world with fixed-term consultancy contract.
Closing date: 20 Aug 2023
 
Cochrane is an international charity. For 30 years we have responded to the challenge of making vast amounts of research evidence useful for informing decisions about health. We do this by synthesising research findings and our work has been recognised as the international gold standard for high quality, trusted information.

Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. We have 110,000+ members and supporters around the world.” Though we are spread out across the globe, our shared passion for health evidence unites us. Our Central Executive Team supports this work and is divided into five directorates: Evidence Production and Methods, Publishing and Technology, Development, and Finance and Corporate Services.

The Learning and Support Officer will play a central role in revising and updating the Learning Team’s portfolio of author training materials, as Cochrane methods and processes change and evolve over the coming months. The Learning and Support Officer will also coordinate activities of the Cochrane Trainers’ Network, including communicating with the Network about updates to training materials and organizing train the trainers’ sessions for trainers from across the Cochrane Community. Given the geographically dispersed nature of Cochrane authors and trainers, this learning and support will be delivered remotely.

This role is part of the Learning Team, which is responsible for providing learning materials and training for Cochrane staff, authors, and users of Cochrane evidence. The team sits within the wider Membership, Learning and Support team, which strives to ensure that Cochrane recruits, develops and retains high quality contributors to participate in our work by providing a comprehensive service to engage new contributors, reward and develop existing contributors and support all members of our community when they need help.

Don’t have every single qualification? We know that some people are less likely to apply for a job unless they are a perfect match. At Cochrane, we’re not looking for “perfect matches.” We’re looking to welcome people to our diverse, inclusive, and passionate workplace. So, if you’re excited about this role but don’t have every single qualification, we encourage you to apply anyway. Whether it’s this role or another one, you may be just the right candidate.

Our organization is built on four core values: Collaboration: Underpins everting we do, locally and globally. Relevant: The right evidence at the right time in the right format. Integrity: Independent and transparent. Quality: Reviewing and improving what we do, maintaining rigour and trust.  

You can expect: 

• An opportunity to truly impact health globally  
• A flexible work environment  
• A comprehensive onboarding experiences
• An environment where people feel welcome, heard, and included, regardless of their differences

Cochrane welcomes applications from a wide range of perspectives, experiences, locations and backgrounds; diversity, equity and inclusion are key to our values.

How to apply

• For further information on the role and how to apply, please click here.
• The deadline to receive your application is 20th Aug, 2023.
• The supporting statement should indicate why you are applying for the post, and how far you meet the requirements, using specific examples. 
• Read our Recruitment Privacy Statement

Monday, August 7, 2023 Category: Jobs

平坦部玻璃体切除术联合内界膜翻瓣术与平坦部玻璃体切除术联合内界膜剥离在治疗大型黄斑裂孔方面有区别吗？ 关键信息 1.平坦部玻璃体切除术联合内界膜翻瓣术相比于平坦部玻璃体切除术联合内界膜剥离术治疗黄斑裂孔，可能在三个月或更长时间后获得更好的视力效果。 2.平坦部玻璃体切除术联合内界膜翻瓣术相比于平坦部玻璃体切除术联合内界膜剥离术治疗黄斑裂孔，可能达到黄斑裂孔闭合的可能性更高。 3.这一领域需要进行高质量的研究以确认这些结果并测量不同手术的其他影响。 什么是黄斑裂孔？ 黄斑是视网膜中心的一个小区域（视网膜是眼睛底部的光敏感细胞层）。黄斑裂孔是黄斑区域中形成的裂口。黄斑裂孔的大小不一，可分为特发性（自发发生，无特定潜在疾病）、外伤性（由伤害引起）和近视性（与近视相关）。 什么是平坦部玻璃体切除术？ 玻璃体切除术是指移除玻璃体（一种自然充满眼睛的凝胶）。这是能够接近视网膜的一个关键步骤。平坦部是眼睛的一部分，不接触关键的眼内部结构，如视网膜。在平坦部玻璃体切除术（pars plana vitrectomy，PPV）中，眼外科医生通过平坦部插入手术器械，以避免损伤视网膜或相邻的眼部结构。 什么是内界膜剥离术和内界膜翻瓣术 内界膜（internal limiting membrane，ILM）是视网膜的最内层。内界膜剥离术和内界膜翻瓣术用于治疗黄斑裂孔。剥离是指完全移除黄斑裂孔周围视网膜的内...

什么药物最适合颈动脉（将富含氧气的血液从心脏输送到大脑的血管）狭窄患者？ 关键信息 与安慰剂（非活性药物）相比： - 抗凝剂（血液稀释药物）华法林可将副作用风险降低 11%； - 抗高血压药物氯塞酮可将颈动脉狭窄（颈动脉变窄）的进展速度减缓 55%。 要确定针对无症状颈动脉狭窄者的可改变风险因素的最佳治疗方法，还需要进行有更多受试者参与的长期随访研究。 什么是无症状颈动脉狭窄？ 颈动脉狭窄是指颈动脉狭窄，颈动脉是为大脑供血的主要血管。“无症状性颈动脉狭窄”是指这种狭窄发生在没有这种疾病症状的人身上。它是由动脉粥样硬化（脂肪、胆固醇（高血脂）和其他物质在血管壁上堆积）引起的。颈动脉狭窄可能在没有症状的情况下发生，因此第一个症状可能是致命或致残性卒中。 如何治疗无症状颈动脉狭窄？ 控制可改变的动脉粥样硬化危险因素，如高血压、吸烟、胆固醇和糖尿病，可降低卒卒中险。有一系列药物可用于上述目的，包括： - 降压药（降低高血压）； - 降胆固醇或血脂药物（降低高胆固醇水平的药物）； - 抗凝剂（也称为 "血液稀释剂"） - 抗血小板药物（防止血栓形成的药物）。 我们想了解什么？ 我们想了解哪些治疗无症状颈动脉狭窄的药物最能预防：脑损伤、卒中、死亡、大出血以及颈动脉狭窄的恶化。 我们还想了解这些药物是否能改善人们的生活质量，以及是否会产生任何不必要或有害的影响。 我们做了什么? 我们检索了针对...

用于足月婴儿呼吸支持的高流量鼻插管氧气疗法 系统综述问题 高流量鼻插管氧气疗法能否改善需要呼吸支持的重症新生儿的健康状况？ 研究背景 当新生儿呼吸困难时，他们可能需要外部支持来帮助空气进出肺部（通气）。提供这种呼吸支持的方法有很多种。有创通气通过放置在婴儿气管中的呼吸管输送空气。非侵入性通气是通过口罩（可戴在嘴上或脸上）或置于鼻孔内的小管子输送空气。这些方法通常更受青睐，因为它们可以帮助避免与有创通气相关的一些并发症。 什么是高流量鼻插管(High flow nasal cannula，HFNC)氧气疗法 HFNC 氧疗是无创呼吸支持的一种形式。它通过位于鼻孔内的管子以每分钟大于 2 升的流量输送加热、加湿的氧气，与替代氧气疗法相比具有优势。但是，对于足月婴儿（怀孕 37 周后出生的婴儿）在他们生命的第一个月（新生儿期）使用HFNC的安全性和有效性证据有限，并且关于其在该人群中的使用意见尚未达成共识。 我们想知道什么？ 我们希望了解与其他非侵入性支持方法相比，高流量鼻插管氧气疗法是否能改善出生后第一个月内需要呼吸支持的重症足月的健康状况。我们还想了解这种疗法是否会带来任何负面影响。 我们做了什么？ 在截至2022年12月的检索中，我们发现了8项研究，这些研究调查了654名足月儿使用HFNC的治疗情况。其中六项研究（625名受试者）为我们的主要分析提供了数据。包括比较和总结研究结果...

Cochrane UK is gearing up to host the much-anticipated Cochrane Colloquium at London's Queen Elizabeth II Centre (QEII) from September 4th to 6th, 2023. The event promises an enriching experience, combining learning, networking, and fun. The countdown has begun, but there is still time to register  

To ensure you make the most out of the Colloquium, we've gathered a selection of insights and suggestions from members of the Cochrane Community. These tips will guide you through multiple days of intense engagement, helping you maintain your well-being, enthusiasm, and collaborative spirit throughout the event. Have other suggestions? Let us know by using the hashtag #CochraneLondon on social media. 

1. Download a Business Card App

Embrace the digital age by adopting a digital business card app. This eco-friendly option enables you to effortlessly exchange contact information, fostering future collaborations.  

"When Cochrane recently attended the 76th World Health Assembly we used blinq.me digital business cards. It was free, easy to set up, and was the main form of business cards that people were using. I hope our Cochrane Community embraces digital business cards as an environmentally conscious choice and helps sets themselves up for future collaborations."

- Catherine Spencer, Cochrane CEO

2. Plan your routes with the Citymapper App

The Colloquium venue is a short walk from tube stations, many hotels, and much more.  The Citymapper app (free) is a really useful tool offering offline navigation to help you get around, including walking, bus, tube and rail routes, ensuring you always know where you’re headed.

" Even as a UK local, I use the Citymapper app and recommend it to anyone coming to London. It can provide accessible route information which is also helpful if you have luggage with you, has live tube and bus information, and is perfect for walking around and exploring without wifi. London has so many great spots to visit before and after the Colloquium - including the Bartholomew Fair events - and I hope having this app will give you the confidence to go out and explore! ”

- Sarah Chapman, Cochrane UK

3. Pack your walking shoes for the Anne Anderson Walk

The Anne Anderson Walk is about 4.5km long and can be completed at your own pace. It will take you past some of the city's most iconic landmarks, give you stunning views of London, and educate you about close-by historical and medical points of interest. Be sure to bring comfortable walking shoes and take advantage of the opportunity to explore London's surroundings while connecting with fellow attendees.

"As the recipient of the 2021 Anne Anderson Award, this walk holds a special place in my heart. It's also a cherished highlight for many Colloquium attendees. While conferences often keep you indoors, the Anne Anderson Walk ensures you truly experience the location. This year, the venue is surrounded by historical sites that showcase London's medical legacy and the significant role of women. Don't forget to bring your walking shoes, contribute to the Anne Anderson Award, and prepare yourself for an enriching experience!"

- Jackie Ho, Cochrane Malaysia

4. Get your official #CochraneLondon merchandise from the Cochrane Store

Select and purchase your limited-edition #CochraneLondon items beforehand. The print-on-demand store offers an exciting range of items, including tote bags, t-shirts, and mugs, which you can choose to purchase for use during the conference or as cherished souvenirs of the event. Please note that these items will not be available for purchase at the Colloquium itself and must be acquired in advance.

"Cochrane is prioritizing sustainability and the environment with this event. Rather than traditional conference swag bags of items you'll never use again, we've taken an eco-conscious route by introducing a print-on-demand store. This not only reduces unnecessary waste but also ensures that participants receive merchandise they truly value and intend to use. I love my Cochrane t-shirt and mug and am excited to see the new items added to the store!  Alongside #CochraneLondon items, there are also ones to celebrate Cochrane's 30th Anniversary items, as we will be celebrating this milestone at the colloquium."

- Sabrina Khamissa, UK

5.  Use the #BetterPoster and #BetterPresentation templates
We worked with the leading research team investigating the accessibility of presentations at academic conferences to create templates for those presenting a poster or doing an oral presentation. Both presenters and attendees will benefit from the use of these templates! 

"I love how evidence-based Cochrane is in so many aspects of their work. Based on the latest research, #CochraneLondon templates makes creating posters and PowerPoint slides so much easier. By adopting these templates, researchers can elevate the impact of their findings, facilitate knowledge transfer, and foster inclusivity within academic conferences. It's going to be exciting to attend a Colloquium with so many using them; attendees will be able to swiftly identify the presentations that align with their interests and it will make it easier for those of us who have English as a second language."

-  Xun Li, Cochrane China

6. Explore the full programme and curate your own Colloquium experience 

Take the time to look through the full Colloquium programme and plan your schedule. Immerse yourself in a captivating lineup of plenary talks, workshops, posters, oral presentations, and meetings that encompass a vast spectrum of topics and issues in evidence-based health care. You can personalize your experience to match your interests and goals!

"The Cochrane Colloquium is more than just a typical academic gathering! It has posters, oral presentations, and a lineup of plenary talks but it goes beyond just academic content! Cochrane Colloquiums are also about building connections and creating unforgettable memories. Be sure to check out all the 'take a break' fun activities and the social gathering at the Natural History Museum!  I encourage all attendees to delve into the comprehensive programme and strike a balance between planned engagements, networking, and enjoyable moments."

- Andrea Moreno, Cochrane France

7. Unite and connect with fellow book lovers! 

Finished a book on the way to the Colloquium and want a new one for the trip home? Have piles of books that could use a loving home? Bring a book for the  #CochraneLondon book exchange! You can also 'sign out' a human book at our Library of People! 

"The love for books at Cochrane extends beyond the Cochrane handbooks! The Cochrane Book Club is hosting a book exchange at the Colloquium. Bring in a book, write your recommendation and a note on a bookmark, and leave with a new book! The book exchange is happening on level 1 over the three days. Book Club members will also be librarians at the Library of People happening in the same area on Wednesday at lunch. We're looking forward to connecting with you over some good books! "

-  Anne-Catherine Vanhove, Cochrane Belgium

8. Mix and Mingle! 
Beyond catching up with colleagues and friends, this event is an opportunity to engage with newcomers interested in our work and potential future collaborators. Embrace the chance to expand your network and foster meaningful connections that could shape exciting collaborations. Stay open to new encounters and the possibilities they bring!

"My best advice: meet and talk to as many people as you can. It's nice to meet colleagues, but everyone at the Colloquium will have an interest in Cochrane’s work and will welcome the chance to share their thoughts and ideas. They may be just the person you are looking for! For me, this approach has given me friends for life spread across the organisation."

-  Elizabeth Royle, UK 

9. Harness the power of social media

While we're meeting in-person, you can also embrace the digital buzz by actively using the event's hashtag; #CochraneLondon.  Through social media, you can connect with other attendees, follow up with presenters, and share your insights with your followers.  

  "You can get ready for Colloquium by sharing the fun badges on your social media to announce to everyone that you will be there! Also, look through the official #CochraneLondon Social Media Ambassadors and give some a follow. Once you're at the Colloquium, be sure to use the official #CochraneLondon hashtag and share your highlights! "

-  Georg Rüschemeyer, Cochrane Germany

10. Make your well-being a priority! 
Cochrane recognizes that conferences can be busy and overwhelming at times. We want to ensure that Cochrane London attendees have the opportunity to prioritize their well-being while also engaging in some fun and social activities. Some people take a break by connecting with others and some people need time to themselves - the colloquium offers space and activities to help meet both of these needs!

"My advice is to treat #CochraneLondon like a marathon, and not a sprint. Every day will be busy, filled with sessions to attend, and people to meet, and it’s important to make the most of this opportunity. But it’s also important to pace yourself and give yourself permission to schedule in proper breaks each day. Take time out for yourself in the Colloquium's 'Quiet Corner', go for the Anne Anderson Walk, or even take some time to go back to your hotel room - especially if it means you are then able to return to the main sessions refreshed and recharged! 

-  Nuala Livingstone, Northen Ireland

Have other suggestions and tips? Let us know by using the hashtag #CochraneLondon on social media.

As you embark on your Cochrane Colloquium journey, we hope that these valuable tips will equip you with the knowledge and confidence to make the most of this enriching experience. We are looking forward to welcoming you to London and uniting the community once again! Don't miss out on this transformative event, where trusted evidence takes centre stage and lasting connections flourish.

Find out more:

• View and update your schedule
• Visit the Colloquium website
• List of Plenary speakers
• Take a break activities
• The social event at the Natural History Museum
• The Anne Anderson walk

Get in touch: colloquium@cochrane.org

Thursday, August 17, 2023

Tuesday, August 1, 2023

Specifications: Permanent – Full Time (Hybrid Role, 3 days office and 2 days WFH)
Salary: £60,000 (Paid in DKK, as per market exchange rate) per annum
Location: Copenhagen, Denmark
Closing date: Aug 14, 2023
 
Cochrane is an international charity. For 30 years we have responded to the challenge of making vast amounts of research evidence useful for informing decisions about health. We do this by synthesising research findings and our work has been recognised as the international gold standard for high quality, trusted information.

Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. We have 110,000+ members and supporters around the world.” Though we are spread out across the globe, our shared passion for health evidence unites us. Our Central Executive Team supports this work and is divided into five directorates: Evidence Production and Methods, Publishing and Technology, Development, and Finance and Corporate Services.

As development team lead, you will manage an Agile/Scrum software development team (3 developers, 1 test engineer) who develop web applications that accelerate the production of systematic reviews of health evidence. You will support the team in their work, coordinate with product owners on timelines, and contribute to software testing within the team as needed to ensure sprint goals are met.
 
Don’t have every single qualification? We know that some people are less likely to apply for a job unless they are a perfect match. At Cochrane, we’re not looking for “perfect matches.” We’re looking to welcome people to our diverse, inclusive, and passionate workplace. So, if you’re excited about this role but don’t have every single qualification, we encourage you to apply anyway. Whether it’s this role or another one, you may be just the right candidate.

Our organization is built on four core values: Collaboration: Underpins everting we do, locally and globally. Relevant: The right evidence at the right time in the right format. Integrity: Independent and transparent. Quality: Reviewing and improving what we do, maintaining rigour and trust.  

You can expect: 

• An opportunity to truly impact health globally  
• A flexible work environment  
• A comprehensive onboarding experiences
• An environment where people feel welcome, heard, and included, regardless of their differences

Cochrane welcomes applications from a wide range of perspectives, experiences, locations and backgrounds; diversity, equity and inclusion are key to our values.

How to apply

• For further information on the role and how to apply, please click here.
• The deadline to receive your application is 14th Aug, 2023.
• The supporting statement should indicate why you are applying for the post, and how far you meet the requirements, using specific examples. 
• Read our Recruitment Privacy Statement

Tuesday, August 1, 2023 Category: Jobs

Tuesday, August 1, 2023

Cochrane Review reveals vital role of supportive managers to minimise physical restraint use in care homes

A new Cochrane review finds that the use of physical restraints on care home residents can be reduced without increasing the risk of falls, when frontline care staff are empowered by supportive managers.

Physical restraints are devices that restrict freedom of movement and are frequently used in residential care homes, such as nursing homes and assisted living facilities. Examples are bed rails or belts that prevent residents from getting out of bed unassisted. These restraints are ethically problematic as they are mostly used in people with dementia who are often unable to consent to their use.

Physical restraints are often intended to prevent falls and fall-related injuries. However, the benefits are often small and come with important negative consequences. For example, the restriction of movement can have negative implications on physical functioning and mobility, actually increasing the risk of falls and care dependency. The measures can also trigger or increase fear or aggressive behaviour. For this reason, guidelines and experts recommend avoiding physical restraints in residential care settings.

But how can this be implemented in practice? A Cochrane Review, first published in 2011 and recently updated to reflect the latest research, analyses the scientific evidence on interventions and strategies to reduce the use of restraints. The team of authors, led by Ralph Möhler of the University Hospital Düsseldorf, identified 11 studies with a total of 19,003 participants, evaluating different intervention approaches.

In their evaluation, the authors found the best evidence for organizational interventions, which were investigated in 4 studies with a total of 17,954 participants. Organizational interventions to reduce the use of restraints consist of different components to function as a package. They aim to improve knowledge, skills, and strategies to prevent restraint use among both frontline care staff and managers. In three studies, employees designated as ‘champions’, were trained to develop and implement individual strategies to prevent the use of restraints within their facilities.  Managers supported this, including by relieving them of other activities and provide them with sufficient time for their tasks.

Such interventions probably reduce the number of residents with physical restraints in nursing homes by 14%. There was no overall change in the number of residents with falls or fall-related injuries and there was no increase in the prescription of psychotropic medication. In addition, there was no evidence of adverse effects of the interventions. Based on the study data, the authors calculated that the number of residents with physical restraints could be reduced from 274 to 236 per 1000 individuals, if such interventions were implemented. Focusing on changes on the organisational level seems to be important for achieving long-term effects.

Six studies examined educational interventions addressing staff knowledge and attitudes regarding the use of restraints. The results of these studies were inconsistent and some of the studies had methodological limitations. Therefore, no clear conclusion on the effects of educational interventions can be drawn.

"The results of this review show that physical restraints in nursing homes can be reduced without increasing falls or fall-related injuries,” Ralph Möhler, lead author of the review.

“There is no evidence in the reviewed studies that psychotropic medications were prescribed more often. However, education for frontline staff alone doesn’t seem to be enough; the support of care home managers plays a decisive role."

• Read the plain language summary and full Cochrane Review

Friday, July 28, 2023

鼻间歇正压通气（NIPPV）与鼻持续气道正压通气（NCPAP）用于拔管后早产儿的疗效比较 关键信息 -与NCPAP相比，NIPPV可能降低拔管和重新插管后呼吸衰竭的风险。 -与NCPAP相比，NIPPV可以减少肺部空气间隙的空气泄露。 综述问题 鼻间歇性正压通气（nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation, NIPPV）是否可以在脱离呼吸机时不对早产儿造成伤害前提下具有短期和长期益处，?它与鼻持续气道正压通气（nasal continuous positive airway pressure, NCPAP）相比如何？ 什么是NIPPV和NCPAP？为什么需要它们？ 在预产期之前出生的婴儿（早产儿）可能有自主呼吸困难，需要呼吸支持。有证据表明，在那些不再需要气管内插管（气管中的呼吸管）的早产儿中，使用NIPPV的支持可以提高NCPAP的有效性。有呼吸问题的早产儿通常需要机器（呼吸机）的帮助，通过气管内管提供稳定规律的呼吸。拔除（拔管）该管的过程并不总是顺利的，如果婴儿在没有外力帮助的情况下无法自行呼吸，则可能需要重新插入该管。NCPAP和NIPPV是一种以微创方式支持婴儿呼吸的方法，因为管子很短，只到达鼻子后部，因此对肺部的损害最小。拔管后可使用NCPAP和NIPPV，以减少需要重新插入气管内管的婴儿数量。NCPAP可以提供稳定...

透明质酸用于慢性伤口愈合 本综述的目的是什么？ 本综述旨在评估透明质酸对慢性伤口愈合的影响。透明质酸是一种存在于人体细胞中的天然分子。慢性伤口需要很长时间才能愈合。它们包括压疮、足部溃疡和腿部溃疡。 关键信息 我们无法确定含有透明质酸的敷料和外用制剂是否比其他敷料和外用制剂更能有效治愈糖尿病患者的压疮或足部溃疡。当用于腿部溃疡患者时，与敷料中作为透明质酸输送途径的非活性物质（中性载体）相比，透明质酸可能会促进溃疡的完全愈合，并可能略微减轻疼痛和增加溃疡大小的变化。但目前还没有足够的信息来确定含有透明质酸的敷料和外用制剂与其他敷料和外用制剂在潜在副作用方面的比较。 本综述研究了什么？ 慢性伤口是由于各种原因引起的难以愈合的伤口，包括对潜在疾病的反应。治疗方法包括不同类型的伤口敷料或外用制剂，其目的多种多样，包括：维持湿润的愈合环境；减少伤口中的细菌；以及预防感染。 我们做了什么? 我们在医学文献中检索了对透明质酸与其他敷料的效果进行评估的研究。我们对获得的数据进行了比较，对结果进行了总结，并根据研究方法和规模等因素对证据的可信度进行了评级。我们只纳入了随机对照试验，这是一种随机分配患者接受不同治疗的研究，因为它们能提供最可靠的健康证据。 本综述的主要研究结果是什么？ 我们发现了12项研究，共有1108名受试者。1022名受试者（57.24%为女性）报告了性别。平均年龄为69.60岁...