Aggregator
重组人促甲状腺素辅助放射性碘治疗非毒性多结节性甲状腺肿
丙酰-L-肉碱用于间歇性跛行
牙套对治疗反咬合是否有效(上后牙在咬合时位于下后牙内)?
囊性纤维化远端肠梗阻综合征(DIOS)的干预治疗
Video: 'The importance of creditable information and the infodemic' on The Eco Well
The World Health Organization defines an infodemic as “overabundance of information – some accurate and some not – that occurs during an epidemic. It can lead to confusion and ultimately mistrust in governments and public health response”. This has been a particular challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cochrane US Senior Officer, Tiffany Duque joined The Eco Well on a webinar to talk about the importance of credible information and the infodemic. She also covered what Cochrane does and how people can get involved.
Tuesday, December 21, 2021End of year message 2021 from Cochrane Co-chairs, Editor in Chief and Interim CEO
Dear Community members and friends,
Context
So much happens in a year. Last year, Cochrane responded quickly to the pandemic with rapid, living reviews – sharing the best evidence on key interventions and diagnostic tests to support the world in tackling this unprecedented challenge. We made all of our Coronavirus (COVID-19) resources freely available, open access – which they remain today, including our COVID-19 Study Register which now has references to well over 100,000 studies. Our work has never been more important or relevant.
We find ourselves still living with the pandemic in 2021. The rollout of vaccines has been a great global achievement, but exacerbated health inequalities as the global north rolled out vaccinations, and the global south has been left behind.
2021 was the year we committed to full Open Access publishing by 2025, as part of making our evidence accessible, usable, and available to all. This is a vital step towards achieving our vision of “better health for all people”, and also reflects the fantastic drive towards open access across the publishing sector and particularly for peer reviewed research – core to our work and impact. This will have implications for our income and business model, and so we plan to diversify our income streams and our products.
We were fortunate this year to receive over £17m funding from global funders to Cochrane groups globally. We look forward to continuing those relationships and working with them to do even more to improve health for all people.
Transformation
In this context, we have launched a programme of transformation to ensure we maintain our relevance and pre-eminence into the future. Our ‘Strategy for Change’ describes our priorities for working in a changing environment through to 2023, building on the insight and feedback of the extraordinary Cochrane community, and the experience of the pandemic. Cochrane Reviews are recognized internationally as a gold standard for high-quality, trusted health information. We do not accept commercial or conflicted funding, which is vital for us to generate authoritative and reliable information, working freely, unconstrained by commercial and financial interests. This makes it even more important that we adapt and change, and get fit for the future so we can not only survive but thrive into the future.
As part of that transformation programme, over the last three months the Cochrane community has discussed:
- How we can remain true to our values while adapting to challenges;
- How we remain the standard-setter for evidence synthesis; and
- How to change to ensure we produce timely, high-quality evidence that serves the different users of evidence.
Achievements
2021 has been another year of exceptional achievement for Cochrane. Highlights include:
- The Impact Factor for the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews grew to 9.266.
- In 2021, 3100 authors prepared new and updated reviews by summarising evidence from over 10,000 included studies
- We made statements at two World Health Assemblies - advocating for the need of evidence synthesis in the response to COVID-19
- We hosted a major event - Cochrane Convenes: Preparing for and responding to global health emergencies: what have we learnt from COVID-19
- The Cochrane Library now has a total of 17 national and regional licenses, representing immediate full access for more than 500 million people.
Plans for 2022
Your contributions shaped the strategy for change and have offered valuable insights as we consider the future. They ensure we can together build a sustainable future and remain at the forefront of evidence synthesis. We will now be determining the direction of travel for how we produce evidence synthesis in future, and progressing implementation of this multi-year change programme. We continue to improve our process, structures and systems for evidence production to be able to respond quickly and reliably to user-needs, whilst demonstrating good research and publishing practice.
In 2022, we will be seeking new ways to generate income and be sustainable in the context of our commitment to Open Access, funding challenges and competition. We will be recruiting a new Chief Executive, and a Director of Development to lead on fundraising.
We are hugely proud of our Cochrane Community whose collective energy, drive and enthusiasm make such a difference. Collaboration is our watchword and we work together to achieve our goals bringing together diverse interests, expertise, and geographies. While there are challenges, we know it is more important than ever to share our evidence and contribute to a world of better health for all people.
Thank you for all you do. We are hugely optimistic about the future, and look forward to seeing you and working with you in 2022 and beyond. All the best for the holidays and new year.
Tracey Howe, Co-chair
Catherine Marshall, Co-chair
Karla Soares-Weiser, Editor-in-Chief
Judith Brodie, Interim Chief Executive
Tuesday, December 21, 2021 Category: The difference we makeTalking about Cochrane Convenes on Becker’s Healthcare Podcast
Dru Riddle is an Associate Professor of Professional Practice at Texas Christian University, Co-chair of the Cochrane US Network Executive, was a moderator and panel member of the recent Cochrane Convenes. Drawing on experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic, the inaugural Cochrane Convenes brought together leaders across the world to explore and then recommend the changes needed in evidence synthesis to prepare for and respond to future global health emergencies. He recently spoke to Becker’s Healthcare Podcast which features interviews and conversations with the latest in thought leadership in the healthcare industry. The episode discusses his advice to listen more than you talk, influencing without controlling, Cochrane Convenes and more.
Tuesday, December 21, 2021
药物预防镰状细胞病人的蛋白或白蛋白从尿液中流失
白内障手术虚拟现实培训能否补充或替代眼科实习生的其他培训方式?
给疾病所致营养不良的成人的饮食建议
生物标记能改善RCRI工具在预测非心脏手术患者的心脏相关并发症方面的预测吗?
使用左炔诺孕酮宫内节育器(LNG-IUD)减轻因子宫内膜异位症而接受手术的妇女的疼痛
口腔癌和喉癌的化疗
为有复杂需求的儿童父母和照顾者提供同伴支持干预
女性慢性盆腔痛的手术干预治疗
硝苯地平治疗原发性痛经(经期痛)
测试女性子宫内膜癌的主要引流淋巴结能否准确诊断癌症是否已扩散到淋巴结?
用于诊断龋齿的视觉或视觉触觉检查
Real-time reviews of research findings will help policymakers address global crises such as COVID-19
Real-time reviews of research findings could help policymakers address global crises such as COVID-19, says this article published in Nature. Living evidence was first developed by Cochrane and is an important recommendation that came out of the recent Cochrane Convenes meetings which looked at how we can better prepare for future health emergencies.
According to scientists writing in the peer-reviewed journal Nature, policy missteps will continue to overshadow the global response to COVID-19 because policymakers are overwhelmed with rapidly shifting research evidence. Faced with new challenges such as the Omicron variant, decision-makers can’t keep up with the flood of new research studies when drawing up policy. This results in muddled strategies, erodes trust in science and fuels controversy, according to the authors.
They are now urging countries to adopt a new scientific approach that summarizes scientific research in near real time.
This system called ‘living evidence’ produces rigorous and ready-to-go summaries of all relevant scientific research, and keeps them up to date by rapidly incorporating new research findings.
Policy makers and clinicians can draw on a form of scientific knowledge that is both rigorous and trustworthy, and includes all the latest science – something that has not been available previously.
Living evidence was first developed by researchers from Cochrane, a leading producer of scientific evidence on health topics, and tested by the Australian Stroke Foundation in their national clinical guidelines as a way to cut the time lag between research being published and implementation of new treatments. Cochrane defines living systematic reviews (LSRs) as ones which are continually updated, incorporating relevant new evidence as it becomes available. There are now 7 LSRs in the Cochrane Library and 3 LSR protocols. Learn more about Cochrane's Living systematic reviews.
Recently Cochrane hosted Cochrane Convenes; an online event, co-sponsored by WHO, and co-organised with COVID-END (COVID-19 Evidence Network to support Decision-making). It brought together leaders across the world to explore and then recommend the changes needed in evidence synthesis to prepare for and respond to future global health emergencies. Prioritizing and supporting the creation and use of living evidence was a recommendation that came out as part of these meetings. Learn more about Cochrane Convenes.
“Decisions relevant to global challenges must be informed by the best available evidence,” says lead author Julian Elliott from the Australian Living Evidence Consortium at Cochrane Australia, Monash University, Melbourne.
“Otherwise, policy missteps with every new challenge of the pandemic, such as the rise of the Omicron variant, will lead to unnecessary and untold health, social and economic impacts. It should no longer be acceptable for evidence to be out of date, biased or selective. Without trustworthy and up-to-date research reviews, the world risks making ill-informed decisions and wasting resources. We call on policymakers as well as researchers in every scientific field, and their funders, to adopt the living-evidence model. Science doesn’t stand still, neither should its translation into action.”
Typically, national policies and guidelines draw on formal summaries of research. Known as systematic reviews, scientists combine evidence from individual studies then analyse the data to calculate an overall result. Used since the 1980s, this approach is aimed at creating a clear understanding of the scientific knowledge available. Systematic review has been the basis for high-impact decision-making not only in health but also in other fields such as education and poverty eradication.
However, the authors say these reviews are often of poor quality, duplicative and out of date, especially when there is ‘a flood of new research’ such as in the current pandemic.
The authors highlight the drug remdesivir which ‘weak but promising’ data suggested could treat COVID-19. In 2020, 30 systematic reviews were produced to assess remdesivir’s efficacy. Yet many were outdated before they were published because they omitted ‘recently published primary studies’, according to the authors. Read Cochrane's living systematic review on Remdesivir.
Living evidence overcomes these issues. Researchers continuously identify new studies by monitoring databases of the latest journal publications and other digital collections, often enabled by artificial intelligence and other technologies.
Dr Jeremy Grimshaw, co-author and co-lead of COVID-END (a global umbrella organization of evidence synthesis groups, including Cochrane ), argues that living evidence has been essential to addressing COVID-19 and similar models should be adopted to address other global challenges.
“Citizens, practitioners, managers and policy makers need trustworthy living evidence to address day-by-day decisions and ongoing challenges such as antimicrobial resistance. The Global Commission on Evidence to Address Societal Challenges will be reporting early next year with further recommendations about how we can do this.”
Living evidence can help tackle some of the world’s greatest challenges such as climate change. Prof Jan Minx, co-author and a co-chair of the Campbell Climate Solutions Coordinating Group, says that “current knowledge on what solutions work to solve the climate crisis is still patchy. We need to respond quickly and cannot afford many mistakes. There is no alternative to an agile approach to evidence-based policy that can deal with the flood of research and rigorously inform the thousands of decisions required to decarbonize the world economy. Using living evidence in the field of climate science is critical to meet this challenge”.
You can read the full Nature Comment here: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-03690-1
- Julian Elliott directs the Australian Living Evidence Consortium, based at Cochrane Australia, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia and is chief executive of Covidence.org.
- Rebecca Lawrence is managing director, F1000 Research, London, UK, is a Board Member of Open Research Central and was a member of the Open Science Policy Platform of the European Commission.
- Jan C. Minx heads the Working Group on Applied Sustainability Science at the Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change; is professor for climate change and public policy at the Priestley International Centre for Climate at the University of Leeds, UK; and co-chairs the Campbell Coordinating Group on Climate Solutions.
- Olufemi T. Oladapo is unit head, Maternal and Perinatal Health, UNDP-UNFPA-UNICEF-WHO-World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Philippe Ravaud is director of the Centre for Epidemiological and Statistical Research Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS-UMR1153), Inserm/Université de Paris, and director of the Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France.
- Britta Tendal is director of the Department of Evidence-Based Medicine, Danish Health Authority, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- James Thomas is professor of social research and policy, and deputy director, Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre), UCL Social Research Institute, Institute of Education, University College London, UK.
- Tari Turner is Associate Professor, Cochrane Australia, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University; Director, National COVID-19 Clinical Evidence Taskforce.
- Per Olav Vandvik is professor at the Department of Health Management and Health Economics, University of Oslo, Norway; a researcher at the Norwegian Knowledge Centre; and chief executive of the MAGIC Foundation.
- Jeremy M. Grimshaw is senior scientist, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; and full professor, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa.