Thursday, May 2, 2024

Thursday, May 2, 2024

使用右美托咪啶为需要生命支持通气的新生儿减轻疼痛并诱导睡眠 关键信息 1.右美托咪啶是一种用于缓解疼痛和诱导睡眠的药物。它适用于需要机械通气（一种辅助呼吸的机器）的新生儿。 我们没有发现任何证据支持在机械通气的新生儿中使用或不使用右美托咪啶。 2.需要精心设计的研究来确定右美托咪啶对新生儿的益处和伤害，特别是对极早产儿，因为他们是病情最严重的。 什么是右美托咪啶？ 右美托咪啶是一种镇静剂。镇静剂的作用是帮助人放松并感到平静；人们在服用镇静剂后往往会入睡。右美托咪啶还具有镇痛作用。在重症监护、机械通气和压力诊断或手术过程中，各年龄段的人都会服用右美托咪啶，以帮助他们放松和减轻疼痛。 为什么这对接受机械通气的新生儿很重要？ 大约有9%的新生儿在出生后直接被送入新生儿重症监护室（neonatal intensive care unit, NICU）。其中许多婴儿需要呼吸帮助，并使用机械通气设备。机械通气和待在新生儿重症监护室的时间都会给婴儿带来压力。新生儿的疼痛和压力会导致长期的并发症（直至成年）。因此，在重症监护期间通常需要服用药物来缓解疼痛和减轻压力。 为了减轻呼吸机带来的疼痛和压力，婴儿通常会服用阿片类药物（吗啡、芬太尼）联合咪达唑仑等止痛药物。咪达唑仑是一种苯二氮卓类药物（镇静剂），有助于让婴儿放松。吗啡和芬太尼都有严重的副作用，如身体依赖性、戒断问题、消化和呼吸减慢。 右美托...

手术后运动有助于外周动脉疾病患者恢复或改善腿部血液循环吗？ 关键信息: -对于因腿部血流不畅导致疼痛而行走困难的人，可以通过手术改善血流。与只做手术相比，在这个治疗方法中加入运动计划可能会帮助他们走得更远，但由于证据质量不高，我们非常不确定。 -我们无法判断增加运动是否有助于改善下肢血流量、无痛行走距离、生活质量、再度接受手术的必要性或死亡率。 -这些研究纳入的受试者相对较少，而且存在许多方法上的缺陷，这意味着他们的结果可能不够准确。我们需要更多高质量的证据来确定手术后加入运动计划能改善外周动脉疾病患者的重要健康结局。 什么是外周动脉疾病（PAD）？ PAD是一种腿部血管变得狭窄或堵塞，导致血液难以流动的疾病。这可能会导致患者行走时腿部疼痛或酸痛，严重时还会导致休息时疼痛以及伤口无法愈合等问题，甚至可能导致截肢（切除部分腿部）。 有外周动脉疾病症状的人通常会接受药物和运动治疗，以助于防止病情恶化。然而，在某些情况下这样并不足够，而是需要通过手术来改善血流。 我们想发现什么？ 我们想了解与单纯的手术治疗相比，在PAD手术后的日常生活中增加运动是否会给患者带来更多益处。我们通过观察患者在需要停下来之前可行走的距离、没有疼痛的情况下行走的距离、腿部血流量、生活质量、再度接受手术的必要性以及死亡率来评估这一点。 我们做了什么？ 我们检索了一些研究，这些研究将在手术后进行运动以改善腿部血流...

在血管手术中，密封剂在血管吻合处的止血效果是否优于传统方法？ 关键信息 在血管手术中对出血吻合口使用密封剂可能会缩短止血时间，减少止血失败的情况，但对其他结局，如术中出血量、手术时间、死亡、术后出血或术后因出血不得不返回手术室等，并没有更好的结果。我们纳入的试验证据质量低或极低，因为大多数试验在实施方式上都有很大的局限性。 什么是吻合口和密封剂？ 在血管外科手术中，动脉和静脉通常使用缝线连接在一起。这种连接被称为吻合。当建立这些连接时，缝合针孔可能会出血。外科医生可以使用各种技术来止血（称为止血）。使用的技术包括施加压力和使用其他材料，例如可被缝合部位吸收的药用泡沫。经常使用的一种材料是密封剂，它是有助于重新激活身体自然凝血机制的关键步骤。 我们想知道什么？ 我们想将密封剂与用于血管手术中止血的其他类型的技术或材料进行比较。 我们做了什么？ 我们纳入了24项临床试验，这些试验随机抽取了2376名受试者，并使用标准化流程将他们的结果合并在一起，以确定密封剂在血管手术中的止血效果。这些试验包括血管手术中的吻合术，主要在美国和欧洲进行，少数在英国、日本和其他国家进行。 我们发现了什么？ 使用密封剂可能会加快吻合口的止血速度，而且与其他技术或材料相比，密封剂止血失败的可能性较小。然而，使用密封剂并不能明显减少出血量、缩短手术时间、减少术后30天恢复期间的出血量，或降低术后30天恢复期间因...

对于新诊断为多发性骨髓瘤且不适合进行干细胞移植的成人患者，与仅使用抗骨髓瘤药物相比，加用达雷妥尤单抗（除抗骨髓瘤药物外）有哪些益处和伤害？ 关键信息 • 研究表明，在多发性骨髓瘤成人患者中，将一种名为达雷妥尤单抗的新药添加到标准抗骨髓瘤治疗中，可能会帮助患者比单独使用标准抗骨髓瘤治疗更能延长患者的寿命。 • 添加达雷妥尤单抗可能会增加严重不良事件的可能性，但可能不会增加总体不良事件（定义为不良事件通用术语标准（CTCAE）3级或以上）的可能性。 • 使用达雷妥尤单抗可能会增加感染的机率。 什么是多发性骨髓瘤？ 多发性骨髓瘤是一种血癌。这种疾病是由骨髓中的一种异常浆细胞（骨髓中的一种白血球），不可控地繁殖引起的。多发性骨髓瘤是一种危及生命的疾病。 新诊断为多发性骨髓瘤且无法进行干细胞移植的成人患者，应如何进行治疗？ 新诊断为多发性骨髓瘤且不适合进行干细胞移植（一种用健康的血细胞替代受损血细胞的手术）的成人患者，会接受由多种药物组合而成的治疗。 我们想知道什么？ 达雷妥尤单抗是一种新研发的药物，能够导致骨髓瘤细胞死亡。对于已经尝试过其他多发性骨髓瘤治疗但疾病复发或从未好转的患者，加用达雷妥尤单抗已经获得批准。我们想要了解，在新诊断为多发性骨髓瘤且不适合进行干细胞移植的成人患者中，与仅使用抗骨髓瘤药物相比，加用达雷妥尤单抗（除抗骨髓瘤药物外）是否显示出优势或劣势。 我们做了什么？ 我们...

无创高频通气 (nHFV) 治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫 关键信息 什么是呼吸窘迫？ 呼吸窘迫是一种经常影响新生儿的呼吸问题。原因取决于婴儿的妊娠期（婴儿在分娩前在子宫内的时间长度）。在预产期前出生的婴儿（早产儿）中，最常见的原因是肺部缺乏天然化合物（表面活性物质），这种物质会使气囊（肺泡）不易打开和闭合。妊娠37周（足月）后出生的婴儿最常见的原因是一种叫做新生儿短暂性呼吸困难（或湿肺）的病症，这种病症是由于出生后肺液清除延迟造成的，从而导致呼吸窘迫和呼吸急促。呼吸窘迫还有很多其他情况。 如何治疗呼吸窘迫？ 通常的治疗包括提供呼吸支持（机械通气）、氧气和直接向新生儿的呼吸管道（气管）注射一种名为表面活性物质的药物。 呼吸支持可通过插入婴儿气管的气管插管（侵入性通气）或通过位于鼻部的面罩或刺管（非侵入性通气）来提供。有创通气与肺损伤（即慢性肺病）的风险增加有关。无创通气（无论是否使用表面活性物质）均可减少机械通气的需要，并降低呼吸窘迫新生儿患慢性肺病的风险。 什么是无创高频通气？ 高频通气以非常快的速度（6到15赫兹，相当于每分钟360到900次呼吸）提供非常小的呼吸。高频通气通过在气管中提供恒定的正压，来帮助打开塌陷的肺组织。高频通气通常通过气管插管进行。无创高频通气则通过面罩或位于鼻腔内的刺针进行。 为什么无创高频通气对新生儿很重要？ 与鼻腔持续气道正压通气、鼻腔间歇正压通气或加热加湿高...

石棉拆卸工作场所的个人防护装备 关键信息 • 呼吸防护装置内的石棉浓度应低于职业接触限值。 • 无论环境中的石棉浓度如何，只有提供清洁呼吸空气的面罩才能将工人的石棉暴露降低到建议的职业接触限值（0.01纤维/cm 3 空气）以下。 为什么减少接触石棉很重要？ 石棉是一种隔离性能好、耐火性能高的矿物。然而，当吸入石棉时，石棉会导致多种疾病，包括不同的癌症。由于很难防止吸入，许多国家都禁止使用石棉。然而，从建筑物中清除石棉的工人却会接触到它。在这些情况下, 个人防护装备（PPE）几乎是减少暴露的必要条件。 职业接触限值 许多国家都有职业接触限值（OEL），以保护工人免受石棉的危害。如果工作场所的石棉浓度超过限值，工人必须穿戴个人防护设备。石棉工人最重要的个人防护设备是呼吸防护设备（respiratory protective equipment , RPE），如口罩。目前欧盟的职业接触限值（OEL）为每立方厘米空气0.1纤维（f/cm 3 ），但有人提议将新的欧盟职业接触限值降低10倍。 我们想知道什么？ 我们想知道个人防护装备（PPE）是否可以将工人的石棉暴露降低到当前的OEL和建议的OEL以下，以及 PPE 是否有任何不良影响。除了PPE本身之外，我们还对培训或教育对穿（戴）和脱（除）PPE 的影响感兴趣。 我们做了什么？ 我们寻找了评估穿着PPE和脱下PPE后对石棉暴露影响的研...

妊娠期接种呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）疫苗是否能减少婴儿与RSV相关的住院? 关键信息 • 本综述中的研究表明，怀孕期间接种呼吸道合胞病毒（respiratory syncytial virus, RSV）疫苗可减少婴儿因RSV相关住院。 • 研究结果表明，妊娠期接种RSV疫苗对婴儿出生缺陷或胎儿生长受限的风险影响很小或没有影响。 • 该领域的未来研究应侧重于妊娠期间接种RSV疫苗对妊娠37周前出生、婴儿死亡、死产和孕产妇死亡风险的影响。 什么是呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）病？ RSV是婴儿下呼吸道感染（肺部或喉部以下气道感染）的常见原因。2019年，约有3300万五岁以下儿童因这种病毒感染下呼吸道。RSV可通过空气中的飞沫或直接接触传播。患有RSV疾病的儿童可能有轻微的症状，如咳嗽、流鼻涕和发烧。然而，该病可发展为细支气管炎或肺炎。全世界每年有360万婴儿因严重RSV疾病住院，其中许多人死亡。6个月以下的婴儿，尤其是新生儿，特别容易感染严重的RSV疾病，因为他们的免疫系统尚未发育完全。 什么是孕期接种疫苗？ 一般而言，在怀孕期间，母亲的抗体可透过胎盘血液运输传给胎儿。怀孕期间接种疫苗的目的是提高母亲体内的抗体水平。如此一来，更多的抗体就能传给胎儿，提供暂时的被动免疫。 我们想知道什么? 我们想知道“怀孕期间接种RSV疫苗”是否比“不治疗或安慰剂（假治疗）”更能预防婴儿因RSV感染而住院...

减少孕期饮酒的治疗方法 关键信息 我们发现，在报告孕期饮酒的孕妇中，简短的心理社会干预（brief psychosocial interventions, BIs）与常规治疗（treatment as usual, TAU）相比，可能会增加持续戒酒的人数。各组之间每天的饮酒量可能没有差异，但证据很不确定。接受心理社会干预（BI）与接受常规治疗（TAU）相比，完成治疗的妇女人数很可能几乎没有差别。 孕期饮酒会有什么后果？ 孕期饮酒会对孕妇、胚胎和胎儿造成严重后果。酒精摄入量越高，风险越大；然而，产前中低度饮酒也与出生时的某些缺陷有关。因此，任何饮酒行为都会给孕期带来一定的风险，目前的指南建议避免在孕期饮酒。然而，在欧洲，大约每四名孕妇中就有一人报告在怀孕期间饮酒。 有哪些治疗方法可以阻止或减少孕期饮酒？ 事实证明，心理社会干预和药物治疗对一般人群的不健康饮酒行为是有效的。酒精使用障碍（alcohol use disorder, AUD）是一种精神障碍，患者无法控制自己的饮酒行为，药物治疗可能会使患者受益。目前还不清楚这些治疗方法对于报告在怀孕期间饮酒的孕妇是否有效。 我们想知道什么？ 我们想知道心理社会干预或药物是否能帮助报告饮酒的孕妇减少或停止这种行为。 我们做了什么? 我们检索了随机对照试验（将受试者随机分配到两个或多个治疗组中的一个的研究），这些试验将心理社会干预、药物或两者...

向接受辅助生殖的不孕妇女的子宫或卵巢注射富血小板血浆能否帮助她们怀孕吗？ 关键信息 •我们尚不清楚，与不接受治疗或使用安慰剂相比，向子宫内注射富血小板血浆（platelet-rich plasma, PRP）在活产（或持续妊娠）、流产、临床妊娠、多胎妊娠或异位妊娠方面是否具有更优效果。子宫内注射富血小板血浆（PRP）可能会增加早产的风险。关于富血小板血浆（PRP）其他潜在的不良影响，我们掌握的信息不足。 关于在卵巢中使用富血小板血浆（PRP）注射，我们掌握的信息不足。 • 由于我们对研究结果缺乏信心，因此需要更多高质量的研究来调查，在接受辅助生殖治疗试图怀孕的女性中，使用富血小板血浆（PRP）是否有益且安全。 什么是富血小板血浆以及它如何帮助女性怀孕？ 富血小板血浆（PRP）由血浆（血液的液体部分）和高浓度的血小板（导致血液凝固的细胞）组成。PRP由接受治疗者的全血产生富血小板血浆（PRP）含有生长因子，能刺激人体组织修复，尤其是针对愈合缓慢的组织有专家认为，富血小板血浆（PRP）可能有助于卵巢更好地对卵巢刺激（为增加排卵数量而进行的激素治疗）作出反应，并可能帮助子宫内膜（子宫内壁）更好地对胚胎植入作出反应。通过这种方式，富血小板血浆（PRP）可能有助于接受辅助生殖治疗的女性怀孕。 我们想知道什么？ 我们想要了解的是富血小板血浆（PRP）是否比不接受治疗、使用安慰剂（假性治疗）或...

杀菌药物（抗生素）还是手术：哪种方式治疗阑尾炎效果更好？ 关键信息 - 杀菌药物 (抗生素) 可能导致少部分人症状治疗失败。 - 抗生素可能会降低伤口感染，但住院时间会稍微增加。 - 最初使用抗生素治疗的阑尾炎患者中，有三分之一的人在1年内接受了阑尾切除手术。换句话说，三分之二的患者在1年内避免了手术。 什么是阑尾炎？ 阑尾炎（肠道凸出的指形袋状处出现疼痛性肿胀）是一种常见病。患者会感到腹中部和右侧疼痛。 如何治疗阑尾炎？ 过去，人们认为移除这指形袋状处的手术 (称为阑尾切除手术) 是治疗阑尾炎的唯一方式，但也许杀菌药物 (抗生素) 也可以用于治疗阑尾炎。 我们想知道什么？ 我们想知道对于阑尾炎患者而言，抗生素是否比手术治疗更好。我们对抗生素如何影响人们寿命及如何缓解腹痛感兴趣。我们还想知道抗生素是否与一些不良反应或结果有关。 我们做了什么？ 我们在医学数据库中检索了成人使用抗生素与手术治疗进行比较的研究。我们将研究结果做了比较与总结，并根据研究方法及规模等因素评估了证据的可信度。 我们发现了什么? 我们发现了13项研究，涉及3358名阑尾炎患者。这些研究主要在亚洲、欧洲及北美州进行，时间持续从几天到7年不等。其中两项研究得到了制药公司的赞助。使用的抗生素类型是能杀死肠道内多种细菌的抗生素。手术主要采用微创手术。 主要结果 抗生素可能对死亡几乎没有影响，但我们对结果非常不确定。由...

Location: Flexible location (remote working) – contract type dependent on location.
Specifications: Permanent employment contract if successful applicant based in UK, Germany or Denmark. Consultancy contract in other locations.
Salary: £48,000 per annum
Application Closing Date:  7 May 2024

Cochrane is an international charity. For 30 years we have responded to the challenge of making vast amounts of research evidence useful for informing decisions about health. We do this by synthesising research findings and our work has been recognised as the international gold standard for high quality, trusted information.

Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. We have 110,000+ members and supporters around the world. Though we are spread out across the globe, our shared passion for health evidence unites us. Our Central Executive Team supports this work and is divided into four directorates: Evidence Production and Methods, Publishing and Technology, Development, and Finance and Corporate Services.

The Consumer Engagement Manager will work as part of Cochrane’s Development Directorate, supporting the production of best evidence for healthcare by contributing to the implementation of Cochrane strategy and priorities relating to consumer engagement and involvement. This will be achieved through developing and maintaining a diverse global consumer community; supporting and facilitating consumer involvement in the broadest possible range of Cochrane activities; disseminating Cochrane evidence; supporting consumer involvement in Cochrane governance; building partnerships with relevant organisation; developing methods to improve the practice of engagement and involvement in systematic reviews, in the governance of the organisation, and in conferences and other settings; contributing to strategies to evaluate the impact of consumer engagement in systematic reviews; and contributing to the development of fundraising and project activity.
      
Don’t have every single qualification? We know that some people are less likely to apply for a job unless they are a perfect match. At Cochrane, we’re not looking for “perfect matches.” We’re looking to welcome people to our diverse, inclusive, and passionate workplace. So, if you’re excited about this role but don’t have every single qualification, we encourage you to apply anyway. Whether it’s this role or another one, you may be just the right candidate.

Our organization is built on four core values:

Collaboration: Underpins everything we do, locally and globally.
Relevant: The right evidence at the right time in the right format.
Integrity: Independent and transparent.
Quality: Reviewing and improving what we do, maintaining rigour and trust.

You can expect:

• An opportunity to truly impact health globally.
• A flexible work environment
• A comprehensive onboarding experiences.
• An environment where people feel welcome, heard, and included, regardless of their differences.

Cochrane welcomes applications from a wide range of perspectives, experiences, locations, and backgrounds; diversity, equity and inclusion are key to our values.

How to apply

• For further information on the role and how to apply, please click here.  
• The supporting statement should indicate why you are applying for the post, and how far you meet the requirements, using specific examples. Note that we will assess applications as they are received, and therefore may fill the post before the deadline.
• Deadline for applications: 7 May 2024 (12 midnight GMT).
• Read our Recruitment Privacy Statement
   

Wednesday, April 24, 2024 Category: Jobs

Cochrane, JBI, Guidelines International Network (GIN), and The Campbell Collaboration are hosting the second Global Evidence Summit (GES) in the historic city of Prague from 10 to 13 September 2024. The summit serves as a platform for professionals from diverse sectors, including health, education, social justice, environment, and climate change, to engage in crucial discussions aimed at informing policy and practice through evidence. As part of the GES experience, attendees are invited to participate in the Anne Anderson Walk, an event that combines sightseeing, social engagement, and philanthropy. 

Anne Anderson was a reproductive physiologist,  researcher, lecturer, and author. She was a contributor to the stream of thinking and effort that gave birth to evidence-based health care.  Her inclusion in Lifeology's Historic STEAM Heros shows her lasting influence. Each year, a walk is held in her honour. Participants make donations to support the Anne Anderson Award, which recognizes and stimulates individuals contributing to the enhancement of women’s visibility and participation in leadership.



Everyone attending GES is welcome to join the  Anne Anderson Walk. It will be a gentle stroll on mostly flat surfaces and is wheelchair accessible. It is approximately 1.3 km long and will take about 50 minutes. The walk is free but participants are encouraged to make a donation to the Anne Anderson Award. This self-guided walk takes you a scenic journey through Prague's historic landmarks, including the renowned Old Town Square, the medieval astronomical clock, and the Bohemian Bridge. The walk concludes at the Vltava river, where attendees can continue their exploration with an optional boat cruise.

• Wednesday 11 September 2024 at 6pm where we will have a volunteer tour guide so that you can end with an optional boat cruise
• Make a donation to the Anne Anderson Award in advance
• Anne Anderson Walk merchandise is available to purchase in advance
  

Join us for an unforgettable experience at the Global Evidence Summit 2024 and the Anne Anderson Walk. Let's come together to celebrate the power of evidence-based practice and honour the remarkable legacy of Anne Anderson. Register now by donating to the Anne Anderson Award, and mark your calendar for the walk. We can't wait to walk alongside you in Prague!

• Register for the walk by making a donation
• Cochrane members are invited to make a nomination for the Anne Anderson Award
• Learn more about the Global Evidence Summit

Thursday, August 1, 2024

Thursday, April 18, 2024

Having a good understanding of what trusted healthcare evidence is enables us to make more informed healthcare decisions. These four brief videos tailored for patients, caregivers, students, and healthcare professionals, provide a deeper understanding of systematic reviews.

Four brief animations have been co-produced by the Cochrane Crowd team, Evidence Synthesis Ireland, and the public. They are designed for patients, the public, healthcare professionals, students and more, who want to learn about systematic reviews and the main steps involved in producing a review.
They are free to use for teaching public and patient involvement - just give credit and let us know you are using them.

 

"At Cochrane patient and carer engagement and involvement plays a vital role," says Anna Noel-Storr, Cochrane’s Evidence Pipeline Lead. “We’ve created four 2-minute animations covering the key steps involved in producing a systematic review. Systematic reviews are such an important part of what we do. They help us to assess the effectiveness of treatments.These animations are designed to give a glimpse into what’s involved in producing a systematic review. We hope you’ll enjoy them!"

Asking the right questions

Finding the evidence

Assessing the evidence



Synthesizing the evidence

Interested in learning more? Explore Cochrane Evidence Essentials, a comprehensive introduction to Evidence-Based Medicine, clinical trials, and Cochrane evidence. Gain essential insights to navigate the complexities of healthcare research and make informed decisions with confidence.

 

Thursday, April 18, 2024

Cochrane's members and supporters come from more than 130 countries, worldwide. Our volunteers and contributors are researchers, health professionals, patients, carers, people passionate about improving health outcomes for everyone, everywhere.

Getting involved in Cochrane’s work means becoming part of a global community. The Cochrane International Mobility programme connects successful applicants with a placement in a host Cochrane Group, where they learn about the production, use, and knowledge translation of Cochrane reviews. The prgramme offers opportunities for learning and training not only for participants but also for host staff.

In this series, we profile those who have participated in the Cochrane International Mobility Program and learn more about their experiences.

Name: Yu-Tian
Location: China
CIM Location: Cochrane Sweden

How did you first learn about Cochrane?
I first learned about Cochrane in 2015 when I was a medical student at Fudan University in Shanghai, China. I was browsing through an online Chinese discussion forum for medical professionals and I came across a post giving a brief introduction to Cochrane. This aroused my interest and I further explored the official website of Cochrane. Before long I started participating in RCT screening in Cochrane Crowd and applying for tasks on the volunteer platform Cochrane Engage. In 2016, I decided to attend the 24th Cochrane Colloquium in Seoul, where I met many encouraging people in person who provided help and detailed guidance on how to get started. Most notably, I was fortunate to meet Juan Franco and colleagues, who invited me to become a co-author of two Cochrane reviews on non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

What was your experience with your Cochrane International Mobility?
I had previously completed a few requests on Cochrane Engage posted by Matteo Bruschettini from Cochrane Sweden, and in 2023 he involved me in a Cochrane review update. Matteo is super kind, supportive, and professional in both neonatal care and evidence synthesis methodology. Our team of three held Zoom meetings on a regular basis, where Matteo would always patiently guide us through every single step and explain to us in details from the evolution of Cochrane methods to tips on software use.

What are you doing now in relation to your virtual Cochrane International Mobility experience?
We have just submitted our Cochrane review about cycled light in NICU for preterm and low birth weight infants. I didn't even realize how much I had learned from this experience until now, as I work on other systematic reviews related to urology; I feel much more confident and everything runs much more smoothly than I previously expected. I am truly grateful to Matteo for providing this wonderful virtual CIM experience.

Do you have any words of advice to anyone considering a Cochrane International Mobility experience?
I strongly encourage anyone interested in systematic review and critical appraisal of evidence to participate in Cochrane activities and connect to the welcoming culture and people. For those who are getting started, remember that Cochrane Handbook and the abundant resources in Cochrane Training are always there for you, and that a CIM experience is the best opportunity to find you a teacher and put everything you are learning into practice. Do not give up or feel frustrated that you are not making any real progress; all these bits of training will gradually sink in, and one day they’ll just click.

Tuesday, April 16, 2024

Thursday, April 11, 2024

Lund University in Sweden is using Cochrane training materials and tools to help medical students better understand and interpret health evidence.

Lund has an institutional subscription offering all staff and students access to Cochrane Interactive Learning and RevMan. Cochrane Interactive Learning was developed by world-leading experts and provides 12 modules of self-directed learning on conducting a complete systematic review process for both new and experienced review authors. RevMan simplifies creating systematic reviews and meta-analyses and presenting the results in forest plots. Lund has successfully embedded these resources into their medical education curriculum since 2018. 

In 2017, the university’s medical degree program team reviewed their curriculum with a view to enhancing the scientific scholarship elements of the course. Working closely with Cochrane Sweden and the faculty library, they developed a curriculum that embeds Cochrane Interactive Learning modules and practical tools to help future doctors better engage with and contribute to scientific literature. 

The initiative was spearheaded by Maria Björklund, Librarian in Lund University’s Faculty of Medicine, who collaborated with colleagues across the university to make the Cochrane-informed curriculum a reality. The team have now described and published their approach in BMJ Evidence Based Medicine to help other medical schools who may wish to follow suit. 

“Incorporating Cochrane training materials in the curriculum has proven to be a success,” says Maria. “Student feedback has been positive, and some have been inspired to co-author their own systematic reviews or go into clinical research. It’s been a collaborative effort from the start and has been incredibly rewarding for everyone involved. The Cochrane modules perfectly complement our refreshed curriculum, supported by passionate tutors and doctors practicing evidence-based medicine sharing their real-world experience of how to apply the principles in practice.” 

The curriculum embeds Cochrane Interactive Learning, which offers online interactive courses to any university or individual with a subscription. These provide a thorough grounding in systematic review and evidence evaluation, supported by in-person workshops and assignments throughout the Lund University course. 

The close collaboration between faculty staff at Lund and Cochrane Sweden means that students who are inspired to take their interest further have excellent opportunities to do so. Matteo Bruschettini, Director of Cochrane Sweden, helps to mentor and support students who want to co-author their own Cochrane reviews in their areas of interest. 

“Thanks to the Cochrane training materials in the curriculum, many students are inspired and empowered to conduct systematic reviews,” says Matteo. “Through Cochrane Sweden, we help them to design and take forward new Cochrane reviews. This is really a win-win, as we know that the students have an excellent grounding in the relevant methods and we can help them put it into practice and contribute to health evidence themselves. Collaboration is key to the success of this project, and Lund is very lucky to have Maria and her team to drive this forward.” 

Cochrane resources are currently embedded in Lund’s medical doctor training course, and are being rolled out in other subjects including public health, psychology and medical science. This has been driven by word of mouth due to the popularity of the modules among staff and students.

“It’s inspiring to see how Lund University has used Cochrane resources to enhance their medical training and ensure that the doctors of the future are well-equipped to navigate the complex evidence landscape,” says Catherine Spencer, Chief Executive of Cochrane. “I would love to see more medical schools around the world following their example, and we would be happy to speak to anyone who is interested in taking this forward." 

• Learn more about Cochrane Interactive Learning|
• Learn more about RevMan

Thursday, April 11, 2024

依替膦酸盐能预防绝经后妇女骨质疏松引起的骨折吗? 关键信息 • 对于骨密度(骨强度)接近正常且以前没有脊椎骨骨折的女性，依替膦酸盐对发生髋部或腕部骨折或严重不良(不必要/有害)事件的可能性影响很小或没有影响。 • 对于骨密度低且有脊椎骨折风险或以前曾有脊椎骨折的女性，依替膦酸盐在预防脊椎以外的骨骼骨折方面可能作用很小或没有作用。 什么是骨质疏松症? 骨骼是人体中有生命的、不断生长的部分。在人的一生中，新的骨细胞会生长出来，而旧的骨细胞分解，为新的、更强壮的骨腾出空间。当你患有骨质疏松症时，旧骨分解的速度快于新骨替代的速度。当这种情况发生时，骨骼会失去矿物质(如钙)。这会使骨骼变得更脆弱，且更容易断裂，即使是轻微的损伤，如轻微的碰撞或跌倒后，也是如此。绝经期的妇女比其他人更容易患骨质疏松症。 什么是依替膦酸盐？ 依替膦酸盐属于双膦酸盐类药物，它可以减缓分解旧骨的细胞。它是以间歇或周期性的方式口服给药。例如，每天服用400 mg片剂，每90天服用2周，随后在每90天治疗周期的剩余时间服用钙剂或不治疗。 我们想知道什么？ 我们想了解依替膦酸盐在预防绝经后妇女骨折方面是否优于安慰剂(无效或"假"药)或其他治疗骨质疏松症的药物。就临床相关性而言，我们按骨折风险(较低风险vs. 较高风险)分组，观察了依替膦酸盐对女性的影响。我们还想知道依替膦酸盐是否与任何不良反应有关。 我们做了什么？ 我们...