不同的皮质类固醇透过静脉注射对于预防早产儿支气管肺发育不全有何益处和风险？ 关键信息 ‧ 在本次文献回顾中，我们使用了网络meta分析（network meta-analysis, NMA），这是一种相对较新的工具，可以对所有相关治疗方式进行比较，包括在先前的临床试验中尚未被相互比较的方式。 ‧ NMA能够在现有数据中添加一些信息，最重要的是它能比较不同皮质类固醇剂量对于预防早产儿支气管肺发育不全（bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD）的效果。 ‧ 由于尚未出现足以引导决策的长期有害证据，因此给予皮质类固醇的最佳方法仍属未知。 什么是BPD？ 早产儿可能会出现肺损伤，称为支气管肺发育不全，这可能会产生严重且持续性的有害影响。 如何预防支气管发育不全？ 称为皮质类固醇的消炎药物可以通过其抗发炎特性来减少BPD的产生，但它们也有其自身的潜在风险。能够平衡这些益处和风险的最佳皮质类固醇治疗计划尚属未知，其变因包括使用哪种类型的皮质类固醇（选择地塞米松或氢化可的松）、皮质类固醇的剂量以及开始治疗的年龄。 我们想探讨什么？ 在该综述中，我们想要比较对早产儿施以系统性的不同皮质类固醇治疗方案（包括皮质类固醇的类型、剂量和治疗时间点）所产生的益处和风险。这些治疗方案主要是经由静脉注射给予的。 我们做了什么？ 我们纳入了一些试验，这些试验评价了皮质类固醇治疗引发早产儿B...

When it comes to starting a family, timing is everything

A new Cochrane review of methods to increase chances of successful conception suggests that timed intercourse using urine ovulation tests probably improves live birth and pregnancy rates in women under 40 who had been trying to conceive for less than 12 months, compared to intercourse without ovulation prediction.

The Cochrane review, conducted jointly with researchers from University of Oxford, the Royal Berkshire Hospital in Reading, and the Princess Anne Hospital in Southampton, included seven randomised controlled trials involving 2,464 women or couples who had been trying to conceive.

Each month there is a narrow window for successful conception due to the limited lifespan of the sperm and egg, which begins from around five days before ovulation (egg release) and lasts until several hours afterwards.

The period of a woman’s cycle can be identified by different methods, including urine ovulation tests (dipstick devices that can detect changes in hormones released into the urine, signifying when ovulation will occur), fertility awareness-based methods (FABM) (including calendar tracking, monitoring changes in cervix fluid and body temperature) or identifying when the egg is released on ultrasound. This review aimed to assess the benefits and risks of timed intercourse on pregnancy, live birth, negative effects and quality of life in couples trying to conceive.

The study found that timing intercourse around the fertile period using a urine ovulation test increased the chances of pregnancy and live birth to between 20% to 28%, compared to 18% without using urine ovulation tests. This was specifically in women under 40 trying to conceive for under 12 months.

Tatjana Gibbons, a DPhil researcher at Oxford’s Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health and lead author on the study, said: ‘‘Many couples find it difficult to achieve a pregnancy, which can lead to concerns about their fertility.'

The finding that a simple and easily available urine test can increase a couple’s chance of successful conception is quite exciting because it can empower couples with more control over their fertility journey and could potentially reduce the need for infertility investigations and treatments."

 

Professor Christian M Becker of Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health said: "The high threshold of evidence required in a Cochrane review makes even this moderate quality evidence for the effectiveness of urine ovulation tests quite impressive, as well as surprising considering how long they have been available for."

However, the researchers cautioned that because many of the studies were funded by the manufacturers of the urine ovulation test, the results should be interpreted with caution.

They also found that there was insufficient evidence to conclude the effect of the other methods in the study, including timed intercourse on clinical pregnancy (ultrasound-confirmed pregnancy), the use of FABM in timed intercourse compared to intercourse without ovulation prediction.

• Read the plain language and full review on the Cochrane Library 

Gibbons T, Reavey J, Georgiou EX, Becker CM. Timed intercourse for couples trying to conceive. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2023, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD011345. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011345.pub3. 

Friday, September 15, 2023

Wednesday, August 30, 2023

Wednesday, August 30, 2023

The Cochrane Early Career Professionals group aims to provide its members opportunities to enhance their knowledge, skills, and expertise by providing a platform for international networking with early career professionals or other members in the Cochrane community. They aim to focus on the development of leadership skills for the early career members of the Cochrane community and encourage the active involvement of the Early Career Professionals in shaping the mission and vision of the Cochrane community.

The team of Cochrane Early Career Professionals will be chatting with senior researchers and members of Cochrane on a podcast called 'Conversations with Cochrane'. Through the podcast episodes, you can learn about citizen science, issues around open-access, elements of review production, methods used in evidence synthesis, and how to get involved in Cochrane. 

"At Cochrane, nurturing aspiring minds and supporting professionals embarking on their career journey is part of the work we do. Our commitment is evident through initiatives like the Cochrane US Mentorship,  Cochrane International Mobility,  the student pathway to Cochrane Membership, and the Cochrane Early Career Professionals Network.

The podcast from the Early Career Professionals network is a great addition and we're looking forward to all the insight conversations to come - and that everyone can be a part of that!" 

- Rachel Klabunde, Interim Head of Membership, Learning and Support 

 

"We are really excited to introduce Cochrane ECP’s first podcast 'Conversations with Cochrane'! There are many ways in which early career professionals can get involved in Cochrane and develop leadership skills to support a scientific research career – follow our podcast and stay tuned for news and exciting opportunities!"

- Dr Elpida Vounzoulaki, Podcast Host and Chair of the Cochrane ECP group

'Conversations with Cochrane' is available in your favourite podcast app and on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, and Amazon Music. 

Below is a listing of current episodes. 

An introduction to the Conversations with Cochrane podcast from current and future leadership of the Cochrane Early Career Professionals Network by Drs. Elpida Vounzoulaki, Santiago Castiello, and Neal Christopher. Listen as we introduce the aims and scope of this series. 

• Spotify
• Apple Podcasts
• Amazon Music

Monday, August 28, 2023

Cochrane, a global independent network of researchers, professionals, patients, carers, and health enthusiasts is celebrating our 30th anniversary in 2023.

In 1987, the year before Archie Cochrane died, he referred to a systematic review of randomized controlled trials of care during pregnancy and childbirth as "a real milestone in the history of randomized trials and in the evaluation of care", and suggested that other specialties should copy the methods used. His encouragement, and the endorsement of his views by others, led to the opening of the first Cochrane Centre in Oxford, UK in 1992 and the founding of The Cochrane Collaboration in 1993.

Cochrane has released a new video to celebrate our 30 year anniversary, featuring interviews with key collaborators past and present.

At the #CochraneLondon Colloquium, Karla Soares-Weiser and Jimmy Volmink engaged in a thought-provoking discussion with Iain Chalmers, Muir Gray,  Jini Hetherington, and others. They explored the origins and inspirations behind the founding of Cochrane. View the PDF Slides.

We have also curated a collection of Cochrane Reviews that exemplify the enduring mission and innovative approaches taken by our organization. This Special Collection underscores the future of Cochrane, built upon its rich history of methodological diversity and unwavering dedication to meeting user needs.

• Visit the Cochrane Library Special Collection 
• Learn more about Cochrane's history 
• Purchase limited edition Cochrane 30th Anniversary items

Monday, October 2, 2023

Friday, August 25, 2023

Friday, August 25, 2023

激素疗法能否改善绝经期或绝经后女性的性功能？ 关键信息 • 与安慰剂相比，单独使用雌激素（与女性性和生殖发育相关的激素）可能会提高性功能评分。 • 与安慰剂或未治疗相比，我们不确定雌激素加孕激素（另一种女性激素）、合成类固醇（如tibolone）、选择性雌激素受体调节剂（SERMs）（能影响雌激素作用）或SERMs联合雌激素对性功能的影响。 • 研究结果差异可能是由于激素治疗类型、剂量以及用于评估的问卷不同所造成的。 什么是更年期及其对女性的影响？ 更年期是女性月经停止的时候，通常在45至55岁左右。在更年期，卵巢逐渐停止产生雌激素，即调节月经的激素。雌激素的减少可以在月经停止前（围绝经期）、更年期和更年期后（绝经后）引起不良症状。症状包括情绪变化、潮热及盗汗。性交疼痛、对性生活缺乏兴趣以及性唤醒或性高潮障碍等性生活相关主诉在绝经后很常见，可能会影响女性的自尊、自信和性健康。 什么是激素疗法，它如何帮助女性的性功能？ 激素疗法由一种激素或多种激素联合组成，有助于减缓更年期症状。可经由皮肤贴片、喷雾剂或凝胶、片剂或植入物的形式给药，用于治疗各种围绝经期和绝经后症状。激素疗法可以通过增加阴道组织的润滑、血液循环及感觉来改善影响性功能的症状，如干涩、瘙痒及性交疼痛。 我们想知道什么？ 我们想了解激素疗法是否能改善女性的性功能，以及更年期不同阶段的效果是否不同。同时也想了解哪种类型的激素...

Specifications: Permanent – Full Time
Salary:  £27,070 per Annum  
Location: (Remote – Flexible) Candidates anywhere from the world will be considered; however, Cochrane’s Central Executive Team is only able to offer consultancy contracts outside these countries.
Directorate: EPM
Closing date: 06 September 2023
 
Cochrane is an international charity. For 30 years we have responded to the challenge of making vast amounts of research evidence useful for informing decisions about health. We do this by synthesising research findings and our work has been recognised as the international gold standard for high quality, trusted information.

Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. We have 110,000+ members and supporters around the world. Though we are spread out across the globe, our shared passion for health evidence unites us. Our Central Executive Team supports this work and is divided into four directorates: Evidence Production and Methods, Publishing and Technology, Development, and Finance and Corporate Services.

To provide an efficient and responsive administrative, organisational, and logistical service to the Editor in Chief (EiC) and the leadership team of the Evidence Production & Methods Directorate (EPM). Support operational activities of the directorate, including management of the Editorial Board.
       
Don’t have every single qualification? We know that some people are less likely to apply for a job unless they are a perfect match. At Cochrane, we’re not looking for “perfect matches.” We’re looking to welcome people to our diverse, inclusive, and passionate workplace. So, if you’re excited about this role but don’t have every single qualification, we encourage you to apply anyway. Whether it’s this role or another one, you may be just the right candidate.

Our organization is built on four core values: Collaboration: Underpins everyting we do, locally and globally. Relevant: The right evidence at the right time in the right format. Integrity: Independent and transparent. Quality: Reviewing and improving what we do, maintaining rigour and trust.  

You can expect: 

• An opportunity to truly impact health globally  
• A flexible work environment  
• A comprehensive onboarding experiences
• An environment where people feel welcome, heard, and included, regardless of their differences

Cochrane welcomes applications from a wide range of perspectives, experiences, locations and backgrounds; diversity, equity and inclusion are key to our values.

How to apply

• For further information on the role and how to apply, please click here
• The deadline to receive your application is 6th Sep, 2023.
• The supporting statement should indicate why you are applying for the post, and how far you meet the requirements, using specific examples. 
• Read our Recruitment Privacy Statement

Wednesday, August 23, 2023 Category: Jobs

Tuesday, August 22, 2023

心理健康急救：改善心理健康和福祉的工具 本系统综述为何重要？ 心理健康急救的定义是“向正在出现心理健康问题、心理健康问题恶化或处于心理健康危机中的人提供帮助”，急救工作一直持续到获得适当的专业帮助或危机解除为止。 心理健康急救（Mental Health First Aid，MHFA）是一项培训计划，旨在向公众教授心理健康急救策略。MHFA培训在级联模型中运作；通过经认证的讲师提供培训，使学员掌握心理健康急救技能。接受培训后，学员可以在其工作场所、组织或社区内为人们提供心理健康急救服务。MHFA培训旨在提高人们对心理健康问题的认识，从而减少人们对这些问题的偏见。学员会学习如何为受助者提供即时帮助，以及如何引导他们寻求服务。 哪些人会对本系统综述感兴趣？ 考虑参加MHFA培训的人 员工和雇主 政策决策者 本系统综述要回答什么问题？ 心理急救（MHFA）培训对心理健康和福祉、心理健康服务的使用情况以及对社区中接受MHFA培训的个人的不良影响有什么影响？ 本系统综述纳入了哪些研究？ 我们检索了截至2023年6月发表的研究MHFA培训的随机对照临床试验（将人们随机分为两个或多个治疗组的临床研究）。 我们纳入了21项研究，涉及22604名受试者。 本系统综述的证据可以告诉我们什么？ 主要关注的结局是在6个月至1年的时间点上，研究MHFA培训对个人心理健康和福祉的影响。我们纳入了三项比较：接...

Monday, August 21, 2023

Cochrane appoints new Governing Board interim Chair, Jordi Pardo Pardo and says farewell to two outgoing Trustees, Catherine Marshall and Tracey Howe

Cochrane is an international non-profit network, which sets the gold standard for synthesizing health research findings  to facilitate evidence-based health care.  Cochrane Reviews, found in the Cochrane Library, are up-to-date, follow a rigorous scientific methodology, and are free from commercial conflicts of interest. Health professionals, patients, and policy makers trust Cochrane Reviews for their healthcare decision-making. Cochrane works with researchers, health professionals, patients, policy makers, and media representatives from around the world to make Cochrane Reviews relevant and usable.

Cochrane's Governing Board is responsible for setting Cochrane's strategic direction and overseeing the work of the Chief Executive Officer, Editor in Chief, and Central Executive Team.

Cochrane’s Governing Board has appointed Jordi Pardo Pardo as new interim Chair. He will be taking over from Catherine Marshall and Tracey Howe who have been serving as Co-Chairs of the Board. Catherine's maximum four-year term will conclude in September 2023, and Tracey, whose term was set to end September 2024, has decided to step down this September due to personal circumstances.

Jordi Pardo Pardo, a longstanding member of the Board, former Managing Editor of Cochrane Musculoskeletal and current senior advisor with the Health Equity Thematic Network, will be taking over as interim Chair, effective from 5th September 2023. His appointment was made by the Governing Board during their May meeting. Jordi will serve in this role for a period of up to one year while a permanent Chair is recruited. The Governance and Nomination Committee will oversee the recruitment process and make a recommendation to the Board of Trustees.

Jordi’s tenure with Cochrane dates back to 1997 when he joined the Iberoamerican Cochrane Centre and contributed to the expansion of the Iberoamerican network. He has been part of the Lung Cancer group, the Equity Methods Group, Cochrane Canada and Cochrane Musculoskeletal, before joining the newly created Equity Thematic Network.

"I'm humbled by the opportunity to expand on the work that Tracey and Catherine have led to transform our organization. As we navigate into a new structure, I’m excited to explore the opportunities that a move to open access could bring to Cochrane and the world. I’m looking forward to working with our talented community to grow our reach and impact.”

- Jordi Pardo Pardo

Catherine Spencer, Cochrane CEO, extended a warm welcome to Jordi as interim Chair observing: “Jordi Pardo Pardo has an excellent understanding of both the workings of the Governing Board and the purpose of Cochrane. His appointment is welcomed by the Central Executive Team to ensure continuity as Catherine Marshall and Tracey Howe’s time comes to a close.”

She further expressed sincere gratitude to Catherine and Tracey for their unwavering dedication, leadership and invaluable contributions to Cochrane while wishing them all the best in their future endeavours.

• Learn more about Cochrane's governance and management

Tuesday, August 22, 2023

Specifications: Permanent – Full Time
Salary:  £60,000 per Annum (1.0 FTE)
Location: Remote – UK Based
Closing date: 04 September 2023

Cochrane is an international charity. For 30 years we have responded to the challenge of making vast amounts of research evidence useful for informing decisions about health. We do this by synthesising research findings and our work has been recognised as the international gold standard for high quality, trusted information.

Cochrane's strength is in its collaborative, global community. We have 110,000+ members and supporters around the world. Though we are spread out across the globe, our shared passion for health evidence unites us. Our Central Executive Team supports this work and is divided into four directorates: Evidence Production and Methods, Publishing and Technology, Development, and Finance and Corporate Services.

The Head of Editorial Policy and Research Integrity is responsible for Cochrane’s editorial policies and research integrity and methods standards. They will ensure Cochrane’s review production processes and systems support efficient and trusted review production, with a focus on improving author experience. This role involves editorial and operational leadership, working closely with colleagues across the Evidence Production & Methods and Publishing and Technology directorates to ensure Cochrane’s product development aligns with its strategic priorities.   

Don’t have every single qualification? We know that some people are less likely to apply for a job unless they are a perfect match. At Cochrane, we’re not looking for “perfect matches.” We’re looking to welcome people to our diverse, inclusive, and passionate workplace. So, if you’re excited about this role but don’t have every single qualification, we encourage you to apply anyway. Whether it’s this role or another one, you may be just the right candidate.

Our organization is built on four core values: Collaboration: Underpins everything we do, locally and globally. Relevant: The right evidence at the right time in the right format. Integrity: Independent and transparent. Quality: Reviewing and improving what we do, maintaining rigour and trust.  

You can expect: 

• An opportunity to truly impact health globally  
• A flexible work environment  
• A comprehensive on boarding experiences
• An environment where people feel welcome, heard, and included, regardless of their differences

Cochrane welcomes applications from a wide range of perspectives, experiences, locations and backgrounds; diversity, equity and inclusion are key to our values.

How to apply

• For further information on the role and how to apply, please click here
• The deadline to receive your application is 04th Sep, 2023.
• The supporting statement should indicate why you are applying for the post, and how far you meet the requirements, using specific examples. 
• Read our Recruitment Privacy Statement

Monday, August 21, 2023 Category: Jobs

Monday, August 21, 2023

使用外用驱虫剂产品预防疟疾有哪些好处和风险？ 关键信息 • 外用驱虫剂可能会稍微降低由 恶性疟原虫 引起的疟疾发病率和患病率。 • 这些变化似乎对高风险人群特别重要 ，特别是对生活在其他选择较少的难民营中的难民来说。 • 在经过杀虫剂处理的蚊帐和其他控制疟疾传播方法的环境中，外用驱虫剂产品可能对疟疾患病率和发病率影响微乎其微或没有影响。 什么是疟疾？ 疟疾是一种由至少五种 疟原虫 属寄生虫引起的疾病，通过 疟蚊 叮咬传播 。 这种疾病经常影响生活在热带地区的人们，如中南美洲、南亚和东南亚，特別是非洲。2021年，发生超过2亿4千7百万例疟疾病例及导致61万9千人死亡，其中大部分发生在非洲。这种疾病会影响在体内负责输送氧气的红血球的功能。这通常会导致发烧、不适（“不舒服的感觉”）和其他轻微症状。然而，一些人可能会造成复杂的疾病，这与循环中红血球数量严重减少以及肝脏、大脑和其他器官出现问题有关。 疟疾可以使用不同的药物来治疗，这些药物通常是有效的。某些防止蚊虫叮咬的工具，例如经过杀虫剂处理的蚊帐，可以保护人们免受蚊虫叮咬，并有助于显著减少世界各地的病例数量。然而，大多数这些方法是针对在室内和人类身上叮咬的蚊子种类。它们对于在户外叮咬的蚊子种类效果较差，因此并不能真正消除这种疾病。 我们想探讨什么？ 本研究的目的是查明外用驱虫剂产品（涂在皮肤上以防止蚊虫叮咬的物质）是否可以预防生活在疟...

蓝光过滤眼镜片可提高视功能、保护黄斑（眼球后部）并改善睡眠质量 本系统综述的目的是什么？ 本Cochrane综述旨在研究蓝光过滤眼镜片（也称为蓝光阻挡眼镜片）对视功能、黄斑保护和睡眠质量的可能益处和安全性。Cochrane综述作者收集并分析了所有相关的研究，以总结可获得的最佳研究证据。 关键信息 与非蓝光过滤镜片相比，蓝光过滤镜片可能无法减轻与电脑工作相关的短期眼视疲劳。潜在的有害影响是暂时的，通常是轻微的，并且更普遍地来说，大多被认为与眼镜有关，而不是与镜片本身有关。 未来的研究需要为蓝光过滤镜片对视功能和睡眠的多方面影响提供证据，纳入视力水平（最佳矫正视力）、发觉阴影和图案差异的能力（对比敏感度）、辨色能力、减少强光引起的眩光（不适眩光）、眼球后部视网膜健康（黄斑健康）、睡眠测量（纳入血液褪黑素水平和睡眠质量）以及患者满意度。 本综述研究了哪些内容？ 主要的测量方法是，在使用镜片至少一个月后，测量视疲劳感知和可量化评估的变化。其他评估考虑一系列临床测量方法和不良反应。 本综述的主要研究结果是什么？ 我们纳入了17项研究，招募了619名受试者，并在6个国家开展研究。本系统综述显示如下。 （i） 与非蓝光过滤镜片相比，使用蓝光过滤镜片来减轻使用电脑产生的视觉疲劳可能没有短期优势。 （ii） 关于蓝光过滤镜片对视力的潜在影响的信息有限，对睡眠相关措施的影响尚不清楚。关于这些措施的现...

缓解儿童急性中耳感染疼痛的药物 关键信息 - 目前关于单独或组合使用止痛药物在缓解急性中耳感染/急性中耳炎（acute otitis media，AOM）儿童耳痛的有效性证据有限。 - 扑热息痛（对乙酰胺酚）和布洛芬作为独立治疗可能比安慰剂能更有效地缓解急性中耳炎儿童的短期耳痛。我们不确定使用布洛芬和扑热息痛之间以及布洛芬加上扑热息痛和单独使用扑热息痛之间的效果是否存在差异，因此无法得出明确的结论。 - 需要进一步研究布洛芬作为扑热息痛及其他止痛药物如止痛点耳剂的附加治疗药物，对急性中耳炎儿童的作用。 什么是急性中耳炎？ 急性中耳炎或称急性中耳感染，是最常见的儿童感染之一，通常先发生病毒性上呼吸道感染。疼痛是急性中耳炎的主要症状，也是儿童和父母患病经验的核心。 我们想知道什么? 我们想知道止痛药是否能有效缓解急性中耳炎儿童的耳痛，以及哪些药物单独或组合使用能最有效地缓解疼痛。 我们做了什么？ 我们检索了单独或组合使用扑热息痛（乙酰胺酚）、非类固醇消炎药物（non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs）如布洛芬、安慰剂（虚拟治疗）或不治疗对缓解6个月至16岁非住院急性中耳炎儿童疼痛有效性的研究。我们还想评价非类固醇消炎药物与扑热息痛对这些儿童的有效性。我们比较和总结这些研究的结果，并根据研究方法和效应值等因素评价我们对证据的信心。 我们...

In healthcare, evidence-based information serves as the cornerstone of informed decision-making. Yet, the true impact of this knowledge lies in its accessibility and comprehensibility. Recognizing this, Cochrane China is running it's third annual competition that hopes to boost public interest in Cochrane reviews and fosters inventive pathways for sharing knowledge.

At the forefront of this endeavour is the Centre for Evidence-based Chinese Medicine at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, a Cochrane China Network Affiliate that acts at the Translation and Dissemination Working Group. This Working Group, in collaboration with the Centre for Evidence-based Chinese Medicine of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, the Cochrane China Network Affiliate acts as the Translation and Dissemination Working Group. This working group is jointly hosting the competition with the Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine at Wuhan University, the Second School of Clinical Medicine at Wuhan University, and the dedicated members of the Cochrane China community.

Cochrane defines knowledge translation (KT) as the process of supporting the use of health evidence from our high-quality, trusted Cochrane reviews by those who need it to make health decisions. KT helps to make Cochrane evidence accessible and useful to everybody while advocating for evidence-informed health care.

We welcome you to submit a KT piece to this competition! 

Simplified Chinese: Submissions need to be in Simplified Chinese. If you start in a different language, you can always translate it. It is helpful if one person in your team can communicate in Simplified Chinese as most communication by organizations around the competition will be in this language. 
Open to all: All ages and geographical locations are welcome to enter.
Get creative: A wide range of creative formats is welcome;  past winners include pictures, written work, and videos. Some previous examples include this stop-motion video and these infographics.
Unite together: Participants can choose to submit their work either as individuals or as part of a team, allowing for diverse and collaborative contributions.
Deadline: The deadline for submissions is 30 August 2023. 
Winners: Winning submissions will be featured on the WeChat public website and the BUCM Essential Perspectives on Evidence-Based Medicine video channel. There are also branded prizes to be won!
Get in touch: Find out more information or  ask questions at ebmvolunteer@163.com

Join the WeChat account for more information: 

Monday, August 21, 2023